Week One Lecture Study guide Flashcards
Describe negative feedback
Characterized by the inhibition of the further secretion of a hormone in response to adequate levels of that hormone.
Describe the difference between exocrine and endocrine gland.
Endocrine gland secretes hormones directly into tissues, then picked up in the bloodstream.
Exocrine gland- secretes substances through a duct.
Name the 4 types of intercellular communications
- Synaptic Communication
-Neurotransmitters-used to convey the nerve impulse from one neuron to another through the synaptic clept. - Direct Communication
-Gap Junctions (cell with gap junctions causes direct communication between cells)
3.) Parachute Communication
-The use of chemical messengers to transfer information from one cell or a tissue to another in a single tissue.
-Local hormones (pancrine factors)
-prostaglandis and growth factors.
- Endocrine Communication
-The activity of hormones in coordinating cellular activities in tissues in distant parts of the body.
Describe the role of the hypothalamus in regulating hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland
The hypothalamus secretes releasing hormones that in targets and stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete a hormone that will stimulate a particular endocrine gland or organ and then that endocrine gland will secrete its hormones or target cells.
Growth Hormone (GH)
Gland: anterior pituitary
Action: growth of tissues
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Gland: anterior pituitary
Action-secrete thyroid releasing hormone
Prolactin (PRL)
Gland: anterior pituitary
Action-produce milk
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Gland: anterior pituitary
Action- Secretes corticosteroids
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Gland: anterior pituitary
Action: males: testosterone secretion
Females: ovulation
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Gland: anterior pituitary
Action: Males: Sperm production
Females: ovulation
Thyroxin (T4)/Triiodothyronine (T3)
Gland: thyroid
Action: regulates rate of metabolism
Aldosterone
Gland: Adrenal Cortex
Action: reabsorption of water and Na (increases blood pressure)
Cortisol
Gland: Adrenal Cortex
Action: rate of glucose metabolism
Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
Gland: posterior pituitary
Action: reabsorption of water (increased blood pressure)
Oxytocin
Gland: posterior pituitary gland
Action: -contraction during labor
-stimulates milk secretion
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Gland: Parathyroids
Action: reabsorption of Ca++ into blood, bone reabsorption, diet Ca++ absorption (increases blood Ca++)
Calcitonin
Gland: thyroid
Action: Secretion of Ca++ into urine, bone formation. Decreases blood calcium levels.
Insulin
Gland: B cells of pancreatic Islets
Action: Pushes glucose into cells from blood, glycogen formation, decreases blood glucose.
Glucagon
Gland: a-cells of pancreatic islets
Action: Breakdown of glycogen (increase in blood glucose)
Epinephrine/
Norepinephrine
Gland: adrenal medulla
Action: increases heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac contractility
Melatonin
Gland: pineal
Action: circadian rhythm, emotions/behavior
Anterior Pituitary Gland & Hormones
- Human Growth Hormones
- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
- Adrenocorticotopic Hormone
- Prolactin
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone
- Luteinizing Hormone
Posterior Pituitary Gland & Its hormones
1) Anti-Diurectic Hormone
2) Oxytocin
Thyroid Gland & Its Hormones
1) Thyroxine (T4)
2) Triiodothyronine (T3)
3) Calcitonin
