What Is The Role/Function Of?

Question 1

Stolon

Answer 1

Aerial hypha that allow the fungus to spread rapidly

Question 2

Rhizoids

Answer 2

Provide extra surface area for absorption

Question 3

Sporangium

Answer 3

Form spores

Question 4

Saprophytes

Answer 4

Act as decomposers and hence, allow for mineral recycling

Question 5

Flagella

Answer 5

Movement

Question 6

Capsule/Slime layer

Answer 6

Protection

Question 7

Plasmid

Answer 7

Contains genes that are responsible for bacterial resistance to antibiotics and are used in genetic engineering

Question 8

Hyphae

Answer 8

Secretes enzymes into substrate, digests substrate & absorbs nutrients

Question 9

Food vacuoles in amoeba

Answer 9

Kill and digest prey

Question 10

Pseudopodia

Answer 10

Movement & Engulf prey

Question 11

Contractile Vacuole

Answer 11

Eliminates water and prevents cell from bursting (Osmoregulation)

Question 12

Roots

Answer 12

• Anchor the plant
• Absorb water & mineral salts from the soil ( by osmosis in root hairs )
• Store food in some plants

Question 13

Meristem

Answer 13

A plant tissue capable of mitosis and hence cell production

Question 14

Xylem

Answer 14

Transports water and mineral salts from the roots tot he leaves and gives support to the plant (due to lignin)

Question 15

Phloem

Answer 15

• Sieve tubes transport food from the leaves to the rest of the plant
• Companion cells control the activities of the sieve tube elements

Question 16

Red blood cells

Answer 16

Transport oxygen

Question 17

What is the role of plasma?

Answer 17

Transports dissolved materials such as glucose, carbon dioxide and urea.
It also transports heat.

Question 18

White blood cells

Answer 18

• Defend the body against infection
• Fight infections already present in the body
• Produce antibodies

Question 19

Phagocytes

Answer 19

Attack bacteria by engulfing the bacteria and digesting them

Question 20

Lymphocytes

Answer 20

Produce antibodies

Question 21

Platelets

Answer 21

Clot the blood

Question 22

Blood clots

Answer 22

• Prevent blood loss

* Prevent the entry of micro-organisms

Question 23

Monocytes

Answer 23

Engulf bacteria

Question 24

Monocytes

Answer 24

Engulf bacteria

Question 25

Valves

Answer 25

Control the direction of blood flow, hence preventing the backflow of blood

Question 26

What is the role of pericardial fluid?

Answer 26

Helps to reduce friction when the heart beats

Question 27

Incisors

Answer 27

Cut and slice food

Question 28

Canines

Answer 28

Tear and grip food

Question 29

Premolars & molars

Answer 29

Crush and grind food

Question 30

Fibre

Answer 30

Absorbs and stores water

Question 31

Mucus in the stomach

Answer 31

Coats the stomach and prevents self-digestion

Question 32

Dudodenum

Answer 32

Digestion

Question 33

Ileum

Answer 33

Absorb nutrients

Question 34

Colon

Answer 34

Reabsorb water

Question 35

Bile

Answer 35

* Emulsify lipids * Neutralise chyme * To excrete pigments (biliverdin and bilirubin)

Question 36

Pancreas

Answer 36

* Secretes the hormone insulin | * Pancreatic juice (containing sodium bicarbonate) neutralises chyme

Question 37

Hydrochloric Acid

Answer 37

* Kills bacteria * Loosens fibrous and cellular foods * Activates pepsinogen to pepsin * Denatures salivary amylase

Question 38

Stomach

Answer 38

Churns and digests food mechanically

Question 39

Epliglottis

Answer 39

Prevents food and drink from passing into the trachea by closing over the trachea when we swallow

Question 40

Liver

Answer 40

* Breaks down red blood cells * Makes bile * Detoxifies the body * Converts glucose to glycogen for storage * Deamination: Breaking down excess amino acids to form urea

Question 41

Lacteal

Answer 41

Absorb fatty acids & glycerol

Question 42

Symbiotic bacteria in digestive system

Answer 42

* Makes vitamins (B & K) * Break down cellulose * Prevent the growth of pathogens

Question 43

SA node

Answer 43

Causes the atria to contract

Question 44

AV node

Answer 44

Causes the ventricles to contract

Question 45

Function of the larynx

Answer 45

Produces sound

Question 46

Cartilage

Answer 46

Prevents the trachea and its subdivisions from closing in when air is drawn in through them

Question 47

Mucus and cilia (tiny hairs) in respiratory system

Answer 47

Defend lungs from infection

Question 48

Pleural liquid

Answer 48

Lubricates pleural membranes and reduces friction when breathing

Question 49

Alveoli

Answer 49

Gas exchange

Question 50

Malpighian layer

Answer 50

Produces keratin

Question 51

Melanin

Answer 51

Protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation

Question 52

Epidermis

Answer 52

Protects the body from damage and acts as a barrier to prevent water loss and the entry of pathogens

Question 53

Dermis

Answer 53

Protects internal organs from damage

Question 54

Function of sebum

Answer 54

Keeps hair moist and prevents skin from drying up

Question 55

Functions of the skin

Answer 55

1. Protection 2. Vitamin Production 3. Food Store 4. Sense Organ 5. Excretion 6. Temperature Regulation

Question 56

What is the role of nephrons?

Answer 56

Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney, i.e. they make urine

Question 57

Location of nephrons

Answer 57

Medulla and cortex of kidneys

Question 58

Structure of the glomerulus in filtration

Answer 58

* Pressure in glomerulus is greater than normal blood pressure * Surface area of capillaries is large; increasing the area for filtration * Walls of capillaries are more porous than normal capillaries * Wall of Bowman's Capsule is thin

Question 59

Glomerular filtrate compared with urine

Answer 59

* Has more water than urine | * Contains many useful molecules

Question 60

What controls the volume of urine produced?

Answer 60

Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 61

Where is ADH produced and stored?

Answer 61

Produced: The hypothalamus of brain | Stored : The pituitary gland located under brain

Question 62

Function of Anti-Diuretic Hormone

Answer 62

* Causes more water to be reabsorbed from the nephron (by distal tubule and collecting ducts) * Controls osmoregulation