Wide Area Networks Flashcards
(42 cards)
Cable modems speed is always
Asynchronous in terms of their download and upload speed
High download but slow upload
HFC / DOCSIS
pillars that support today’s high speed internet access
The higher the G, the…
Newer standard and has faster speeds
What is FTTH?
Direct fiber optic connection to individual residences
Highest speed and reliability due to entire connection being fiber optic
What is FTTC?
Fiber optic cables run to curbside or nearby cabinet, uses traditional copper cable for the final connection
Offers a balance between cost and performance, common in urban setups
What is FTTN?
Extends fiber optic connection to a central point in an area, copper cables branch out from the node to individual locations
Allows leveraging existing copper infrastructure for improved speeds
What is FTTB?
Fiber optic cables reach building’s main communication room or basement, connection to individual units/offices is usually done through copper cabling
Common in multi-dwelling units
Which fiber optic connection provides the highest speed and reliability?
FTTH and FTTB
FTTB is slower but still faster than entirely copper-based networks
What does DOCSIS stand for?
Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification
Standardizes data transmission over HFC networks for consistent, reliable, high-speed internet access
What is the frequency range for upstream data in DOCSIS?
5-42 MHz
Upstream refers to data that is sent out
What is the frequency range for downstream data in DOCSIS?
50-860 MHz
Downstream refers to data that is received
True or False: Cable modems are usually asynchronous.
True
They provide high download speeds but slower upload speeds
What are the advantages of DOCSIS?
- Utilizes existing cable TV infrastructure
- Cost-effective and quick rollout
- Higher speeds compared to DSL
Popular alternative in the late 1990s and early 2000s
What is ADSL?
Asymmetric DSL, offers different speeds for download and upload
Maximum download speed is about 8 Mbps, upload speed is 1.544 Mbps
What is the maximum download speed of VDSL?
Up to 50 Mbps
Uploads around 10 Mbps, limited by distance from the DSLAM
What is the role of DSLAM?
Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer, point of presence owned by the telephone company
Within 4,000 ft range for VDSL, 4,000 ft to 18,000 ft for ADSL
What type of users typically used ADSL?
Home users
Received significant funding from telecommunication companies, leading to speed increases over time
What is satellite internet access?
Method of utilizing communication satellites in space to connect users to the internet
Ideal for remote areas where cable, cellular, or fiber is unavailable
What are the advantages of satellite internet?
- Availability in remote areas
- Global coverage
- Decent speed for activities like streaming movies
Requires a satellite dish installed on the roof
What is the drawback of satellite internet?
Slower speed compared to fiber, microwave links, or cable modems
High latency due to geosynchronous satellites located around 22,000 miles above the earth
What is the frequency range for microwave links?
300 MHz to 300 GHz
Commonly used in large college campuses and small businesses for network connections
What is a leased line?
Fixed bandwidth with symmetric data connections reserved for subscribers’ exclusive use
Premier choice for businesses needing reliable, high-performance internet
What is the benefit of symmetric nature in leased lines?
Upload and download speeds are identical
Critical for businesses requiring high upload speeds
What is MPLS?
Multiprotocol Label Switching, technique to enhance network efficiency and flexibility
Streamlines and speeds up data traffic flow
