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Routing Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary function of a router?

A

Forwards traffic between subnets, internal and external networks, or between two external networks

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2
Q

What is a broadcast domain?

A

A logical division of a network in which all nodes can communicate directly with each other

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3
Q

What are multilayer switches capable of?

A

Performing routing functions and handling both Layer 2 forwarding and Layer 3 routing

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4
Q

In exam terminology, what does ‘Switch’ refer to?

A

Standard Layer 2 switch

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5
Q

In exam terminology, what does ‘Multilayer Switch’ or ‘Router’ refer to?

A

Layer 3 functionality of a router

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6
Q

How do routers forward traffic?

A

Based on IP addresses

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7
Q

What types of connections do routers use to connect two networks?

A

WAN connections like fiber, serial, satellite, or VPN links

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8
Q

What do routers use to route packets between networks?

A

IP addresses (Layer 3)

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9
Q

What are data frames and packets in the context of routers?

A

Routers repackage data frames (Layer 2) as packets (Layer 3) for transmission

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10
Q

What does a routing table do?

A

Helps determine the best route for packets inside and outside of networks

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the ARP cache?

A

Maps IP addresses to MAC addresses within a local area network

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12
Q

What is a Directly Connected Route?

A

Learned by a physical connection between routers

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13
Q

What is a Static Route?

A

Configured manually by an administrator

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14
Q

What is a Default Static Route?

A

0.0.0.0/0, used to handle unknown destinations

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15
Q

What is a Dynamic Route?

A

Learned through dynamic routing protocols

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16
Q

What is the Split Horizon rule?

A

Prevents a route learned on one interface from being advertised back out the same interface

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17
Q

What does Poison Reverse do?

A

Advertises a route back out the same interface but with a high cost to prevent its use

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18
Q

What is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)?

A

Operates within an autonomous system

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19
Q

What is an Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)?

A

Operates between autonomous systems on exterior networks

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20
Q

What is the Convergence Time in routing?

A

Time for all routers to update routing tables in response to topology changes

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21
Q

What is the Hop Count metric?

A

Number of routers from the source router to the destination network

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22
Q

What is RIP?

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A

An interior gateway protocol that uses distance vector and hop count

23
Q

What is OSPF?

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A

An interior gateway protocol that uses link state and cost for routing decisions

24
Q

What does EIGRP stand for?

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A

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

25
What is BGP? EXAM
Border Gateway Protocol, an external gateway protocol THE ONLY EXTERIOR GATEWAY PROTOCOL EXAM
26
What is Administrative Distance (AD)?
An index of believability used by routers to determine route preference
27
What is the Administrative Distance for directly connected routes?
0
28
What is the Administrative Distance for RIP?
120
29
What does NAT stand for?
Network Address Translation
30
What is the purpose of NAT?
Conserves limited IPv4 addresses by translating private IPs into public IPs
31
What is Dynamic NAT (DNAT)?
Automatically assigns IP addresses from a pool for one-to-one translation
32
What is Static NAT (SNAT)?
Manually assigns private IPs to public IPs for one-to-one translation
33
What is Port Address Translation (PAT)?
Allows multiple devices to share a single public IP address using different port numbers
34
What is the purpose of First Hop Redundancy Protocol (FHRP)?
Ensures network reliability by providing automatic failover to a backup router
35
What does HSRP stand for?
Hot Standby Router Protocol
36
What is the role of the active router in HSRP?
Handles all the network's routing responsibilities
37
What does VRRP stand for?
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
38
What is the main function of GLBP?
Adds load balancing capabilities to multiple routers
39
What is Multicast Routing?
Sending traffic to a class D IP address to deliver messages to multiple recipients efficiently
40
What is IGMP?
Internet Group Management Protocol, used to manage multicast group memberships
41
What is PIM in multicast routing?
Protocol Independent Multicast, used to route multicast traffic
42
What is GRE?
Generic Routing Encapsulation, a tunneling protocol for encapsulating various network layer protocols Operates at Layer 3
43
What distinguishes GRE from VPN?
GRE is simpler and more efficient for encapsulating multiple protocol types without encryption
44
EXAM TIP
Exam Tip: Even if a multilayer switch is being used, it is functioning as a router, so it will be called a router on the exam ○ If the word Switch is used, they are referring to a Layer 2 Switch ○ If the word Multilayer Switch or Router, they are referring to the Layer 3 functionality of a router
45
Default static route
0.0.0.0/0 If you don't know where to go, go here
46
Distance type follows
Most Direct path
47
Link type focuses on
Speed it takes to get there
48
Directly connected is the ____ believable and statis is the ____ EXAM
MOST AND SECOND MOST EXAM
49
EXAM LOWER NUMBERS ARE PREFERRED OVER HIGHER ONES
True
50
Inside local EXAM
● Private IP address referencing an inside device Local = private
51
What does Outside Local refer to?
Private IP address referencing an outside device ## Footnote This concept involves mapping a private address to an external one.
52
What is Outside Global? EXAM
Public IP address referencing an outside device ## Footnote Outside Global addresses are used for devices reachable over the internet. Global = Public
53
Inside global EXAM
Inside Global ● Public IP address referencing an inside device Global = Public

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