Williams: Lipid Metabolism

Question 1

specific apo protein to HDL

Answer 1

ApoA1

Question 2

marker specific for LDL

Answer 2

B100

Question 3

marker specific for chylomicrons

Answer 3

ApoB48

Question 4

transport lipids from intestine to other places (90% TGs)

Answer 4

chylomicrons

Question 5

product of fat digestion
help absorb lipid and fat soluble vitamins

Answer 5

micelles

Question 6

desirable HDL, LDL, TGs, TC levels

Answer 6

Question 7

what lipoprotein contributes to plaque

Answer 7

LDL

Question 8

need ___ to absorb vitamins and nutrients

Answer 8

fat

Question 9

___ and ___ break down fat

Answer 9

bile salts and lipases

Question 10

____ and ____ can affect how we break down and absorb fat

Answer 10

pH and lipases

Question 11

helps form chylomicron, and if absent, NO chylomicrons formed

Answer 11

MTTP

Question 12

MTTP inhibitor (microsomal triglyceride transfer protein)

Answer 12

LOMITAPIDE

Question 13

how do chylomicrons leave intestines

Answer 13

through lymphatic system

Question 14

chylomicron apoproteins

Answer 14

ApoB48
A1
C2
A5

Question 15

role of A1 apoprotein

Answer 15

activates LCAT

Question 16

does chylomicron have apoprotein A3

Answer 16

NO

Question 17

role of C2 and A5 apoproteins

Answer 17

activates LPL

Question 18

major defect is LPL and has elevated TGs in the 10,000-20,000 range
chylomicrons elevated

Answer 18

Type I (Familial Chylomicronemia)

Question 19

take excess energy and convert to TGs and stored in adipose tissue

Answer 19

overfed state

Question 20

prevent LDL receptor from being recycled back to membrane

Answer 20

PCSK9

Question 21

this drug (monoclonal antibodies) blocks PCSK9 and decreases LDLs in the blood

Answer 21

EVOLOCUMAB
ALIROCUMAB

Question 22

defect in LDL receptor
AD (homozygous form worse)
cholesterol elevated in the serum

Answer 22

familial hypercholesterolemia (type 2a hyperlipidemia)

Question 23

LDLR defect
LDL and VLDL elevated
increase in cholesterol and TGs

Answer 23

type IIb hyperlipidemia

Question 24

ApoE defect
increase in TGs

Answer 24

Type III hyperlipidemia

Question 25

rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis

Answer 25

HMG-CoA

Question 26

removes cholesterol from peripheral tissues and brings it back to liver

Answer 26

HDL

Question 27

hyperlipidemia w/ elevated VLDL, and increased serum TGs

Answer 27

Type IV

Question 28

hyperlipidemia w/ elevated VLDL and chylomicrons (due to LPL defect); majorly elevated TGs, and cholesterol is elevated too

Answer 28

Type V

Question 29

transports TGs (fat) from liver to different parts of the body

Answer 29

VLDL

Question 30

targets apoB mRNA in liver, reducing synthesis of apoB100 protein

Answer 30

Mipomersen

Question 31

inhibits fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis

Answer 31

Bempedoic acid

Question 32

2 main ways to treat hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 32

Omega-3 fatty acids -fibrates (fenofibrate, gemfibrozil)