Wk 12 - Music Therapy Flashcards
(11 cards)
who is the patron saint of music
St Cecilia
Who was Juliette Alvin
French cellist, moved to UK in 1920s
founded British Society for Music Therapy in 1950s
Published Music Therapy (1966)
First training programme at Guildhall School of Music in London in 1967
what is the Nordoff-Robins approach
scheme of creative (improvisational and compositional) therapy
worked with disabled children
training programme launched 1974
Centre for Therapy in London in 1982
Now worldwide
Guild of St Cecilia
Musician healers led by Canon Harford in 19th century
studied sedative effects and pain relief of hearing music
published findings in medical journals
plan to broadcast music to hospitals via telephone
sceptical opposition thwarted plans
Music Therapy in the UK
1976 Association of Professional Music Therapists
1997 state registration of creative therapies as ‘supplementary to medicine’
currently 7 MA courses
Currently over 700 registered therapists in practice
Case Study 1: Suzanna
Bunt & Hoskyns (2002): 3 yr old girl with communication difficulties
began by playing with instruments without noticing therapist
gradually developed eye contact
eventually managed 30 mins collaborative play (mostly drumming patterns)
turn-taking with mum and therapist on large drum
Suzanna continued - what 3 ‘firsts’ mum noted
1 - emotional response to cymbal - became angry when unable to replicate therapists’ sound (negative, but first time seen her get worked up)
2 - first cuddle (when visiting student playing viola)
3 - first interest in playing with soft toys, making them dance, fall over, play hide and seek
then incorporated this into play at home
Case Study 2: David
Brown (2002): 5 yr old in specialist autism school
much repetitive play with cymbal and glockenspiel, repetitive stories
refused to allow therapist to play unless instructed (fear of ‘relinquishing omnipotence’)
- therapist could only play by following his lead
became increasingly hostile over time towards therapist
concluded by symbolically ‘blowing her up’ - interpreted as theory of mind evidence
Does music therapy work?
‘Clinical improvement’ in mental health compared with mere listening (Gold et al, 2005; Lin et al, 2011)
Plays part in MH recovery process (McCaffrey et al, 2011), particularly re: social skills
Addresses social, communication, motor and joint attention in ASD (Janzen & Thaut, 2018)
PHYSICAL HEALTH:
Pain management in sickle cell disease (Rodgers-Melnick et al, 2018): 20 min electronic improv condition reported lower pain perception than listening or control groups
Psychoanalytic approaches
focus here on therapist-client relationships
Streeter (1999): role of counter-transference
E.g. of Sarah, lawyer whose ‘competitive’ style of piano playing upset the therapist
suggested that this stemmed from childhood sibling relationships
client followed with ‘explosion of creativity’, allowing her to open up this aspect of self
Debates and controversies in music therapy
different approaches reflect history, geography and evidence
fundamental split between therapy based on psychological theory and that based on music alone
Streeter (1999) criticises latter as ‘absolutist position’
lack of theoretical basis makes it harder to provide evidence of effectiveness
Cross (2014): need to be more specific about what constitutes success
Ansdell (2014): Reductionist approach: this isn’t what therapy is about
