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mia's revision > y9 biology > Flashcards

y9 biology Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

what is health

A

state of physical and mental wellbeing

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2
Q

what are the 2 categories of disease that can cause ill health

A

communicable and non-communicable diseases

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3
Q

what 3 factors can cause ill health

A

diet, stress and life situation

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4
Q

why can diseases that affect the immune system cause your health to become worse

A

you cannot kill pathogens that enter your body as effectively/ makes you more likely to suffer from communicable diseases

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5
Q

what type of micro-organism that lives inside cells can trigger cancers

A

viruses

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6
Q

HPV can trigger what type of cancer

A

cervical cancer

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7
Q

what allergies can be triggered as a result of an immune response by the body

A

asthma / skin rashes

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8
Q

why can diseases affect your mental wellbeing

A

severe ill health can lead to depression

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9
Q

what is a risk factor

A

factors linked to an increased likelihood of developing a desease

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10
Q

what can risk factors be

A

aspects of your lifestyle / substances in the body of your environment

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11
Q

what is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes

A

obesity

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12
Q

what is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease

A

high fat diet/ lack of excercise

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13
Q

which organs in the body are affected by alcohol

A

liver and brain

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14
Q

which organ in the body is affected by smoking

A

lungs

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15
Q

what can the effect be on an unborn baby if a woman smokes or drinks alcohol during pregnancy

A

low birth weight/ development problems

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16
Q

what are the 3 diseases caused by viruses you need to be aware of

A

measles, HIV, TMV (tobacco mosaic virus)

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17
Q

how do viruses make you feel ill

A

they go inside your body cells, reproduce rapidly and cause cell damage

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18
Q

what are the symptoms of measles

A

fever and red skin rash

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19
Q

how can the measles pathogen be spread

A

droplet transmission( inhalation of droplets from coughs and sneezes)

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20
Q

how can the spread of measles be prevented

A

vaccination (at a young age) / isolating infected people / using face masks

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21
Q

why is measles such a serious disease that needs to be prevented

A

can be fatal if there are complications

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22
Q

what are initial symptoms of HIV

A

flu like illness

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23
Q

which system in the body does HIV affect

A

immune system

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24
Q

why is it a problem that HIV affects your immune system

A

makes you more likely to suffer from other communicable diseases

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25
HIV is incurable, but what can be used to treat HIV to prevent it from developing into aids
anti - retroviral drugs
26
why is it a problem if HIV develops into aids
immune system becomes so badly damaged it can no longer deal with other infections or cancers
27
how is the HIV pathogen spread
exchange of bodily fluids (sexual contact / sharing needles)
28
how can the spread of HIV be prevented
using condoms / sterilising or not sharing needles
29
what type of organism does tobacco mosaic virus affect
plants
30
what are the symptoms of tobacco mosaic virus
mosaic pattern of discolouration on leaves
31
why doesnt a plant grow as well if it has tobacco mosaic virus
has less chlorophyll - so cannot absorb as much light - so cannot carry out as much photosynthesis
32
what are the 2 diseases caused by bacteria you need to be aware of
salmonella and gonorrhoea
33
what do bacteria do inside your body that makes you feel ill
reproduce rapidly and produce toxins that damage cells
34
what do bacteria produce that makes you feel ill
toxins
35
what can white blood cells produce to neutralise toxins
anti - toxins
36
give 2 symptoms of salmonella
fever abdominal cramps vomiting diarrhoea
37
how can the salmonella pathogen be spread
contact with someone who has it / if bacteria are eaten in food/ bacteria on food because it has been prepared in unhygienic conditions or not cooked properly
38
if a person has salmonella, how could they prevent it spreading to other people
isolating / washing hands after going toilet/ washing hands before preparing food / not sharing drinks or cutlery
39
how can salmonella be prevented
vaccinating poultry / killing chickens carrying pathogen / isolating infected individuals
40
give a symptom of gonorrhoea
thick yellow / green discharge from penis or vagina or pain when urinating
41
how can gonorrhoea be treated
anitbiotics
42
why has it become more difficult to treat gonorrhoea
there are now many strains of resistant gonorrhoea bacteria that cannot be killed by the anitbiotic penicillin
43
how is gonorrhoea spread
sexual contact
44
how can the spread of gonorrhoea be prevented
condoms/ treating infected people with anitbiotics
45
what can be used to kill bacteria that cannot kill viruses
antibiotics
46
why dont all types of contraception protect against gonorrhoea
not all types of contraception like the pill are barrier methods and protect against sexually transmitted diseases
47
what type of pathogen causes rose black spot
fungus/ fungi
48
what type of organism is affected by rose black spot
plants
49
what are the symptoms of rose black spot
purple or black spots develop on leaves which turn yellow and drop easily
50
why can a plant absorb less light energy if it has the rose black spot disease
it has less chlorophyll
51
what process does a plant carry out less of due to the rose black spot disease
photosynthesis
52
how is the rose black spot pathogen spread
water or wind
53
give one way rose black can be treated
fungicides / removing and destroying infected leaves
54
what type of pathogen causes malaria
protist
55
what is the vector for the malaria pathogen
mosquito
56
what is a vector
an organism that carries the pathogen causing a disease, but is not affected by it
57
what can be done to a vector to prevent the spread of a pathogen
kill the vectors
58
what are the symptoms of malaria
recurring episodes of fever
59
give one way the spread of malaria can be controlled
killing mosquitos with insecticides
60
what are the 2 types of tumour that can form in the body
benign and malignant
61
cancer is caused by changes in cells that cause them to do what
grow and divide uncontrollably
62
what forms as a result of cells dividing uncontrollably
a tumour
63
what is the name given to a growth of abnormal cells that stay in one area of the body
benign tumour
64
what are abnormal cells usually contained within when a tumour is benign
a membrane
65
a cancer is what type of tumour
malignant tumour
66
how do the cells making up a malignant tumour spread to other parts of the body
in the bloodstream
67
what is formed when cells from a malignant tumour invade neighbouring tissues of the body
secondary tumours
68
name a lifestyle factor that can be a risk factor for cancer
smoking / high fat diet
69
what risk factors for cancer can be passed on from parents to offspring
genetic risk factors
70
HPV is a risk factor for cervical cancer. What is HPV an example of
a virus
71
what is a carcinogen
substance that causes cancer
72
what type of radiation is a carcinogen
ionising radiation
73
what can be used to view the skeleton that is a carcinogen
x-rays
74
what is the main difference between the 2 types of tumour that can form in the body
benign tumours stay in one place, surrounded by a membrane cells from malignant tumours spread to other parts of the body in the blood
75
what is a pathogen
a micro - organism that causes disease
76
what type of disease is caused by pathogens and can be passed from person to person
communicable disease
77
what type of disease is not caused by pathogens and cant be passed from one person to the other
non-communicable diseases
78
what do bacteria do when they get inside your body
reproduce rapidly
79
how do bacteria make you ill
by producing toxins which damage cells
80
what do viruses do when they get inside your body
go inside your cells and reproduce rapidly
81
how do viruses make you ill

mia's revision (40 decks)

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