Year 3 Flashcards
(161 cards)
1
Q
Prolapse + back pain
A
uterine prolapse
2
Q
large tense uterus/ woody abdomen, bleeding and pain
A
placental abruption
3
Q
clue cells, high vaginal pH >4.5
A
bacterial vaginosis
4
Q
strawberry cervix
A
trichomonas vaginalis
5
Q
PPH followed by pituitary failure
A
Sheehans syndrome
6
Q
fetal distress and loss of engagement, previous c-section or surgery
A
uterine rupture
7
Q
Statin should be avoided with?
A
grapefruit juice
8
Q
Metronidazole avoid with?
A
alcohol
9
Q
Warfarin avoid with?
A
cranberry juice
10
Q
Calcium and thyroxine cause?
A
decreased absorption from the gut
11
Q
Warfarin and NSAID cause?
A
bleeding
12
Q
ACEi and spironolactone cause?
A
hyperkalaemia
13
Q
Digoxin and verapamil cause?
A
digoxin toxicity
14
Q
fluoexetine and phenelzine cause?
A
serotonin syndrome (hyperthermia, tremor, sweating, dilated pupils. late complications seizures and muscle breakdown)
15
Q
Wernicke’s encephalopathy cause?
A
thiamine/B1 deficiency usually due to alcohol abuse can lead to irreversible Korsakoff’s syndrome
16
Q
Triad in Wernicke’s?
A
ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, confusion
17
Q
Delirium diagnosis?
A
fluctuating mental state + inattention + disorganised and/or altered level of consciousness
18
Q
Triptans used for?
A
migraines or cluster headaches
19
Q
Tripans contraindicated in?
A
IHD, uncontrolled HPT, with lithium, SSRI or ergot derivative drugs (cabergoline in PD)
20
Q
Thunderclap headache
A
subarachnoid haemorrhage
21
Q
What is PCKD risk factor for?
A
subarachnoid haemorrhage
22
Q
Xanthochromic CSF in LP
A
subarachnoid haemorrhage
23
Q
fresh blood in LP
A
traumatic tap
24
Q
Lucid period after head trauma followed by sudden collapse or deterioration
A
extradural haemorrhage
25
Cogwheel rigidity
PD
26
Woody texture muscle swelling
duchenne or becker MD
27
raised CK
muscle destruction- muscular dystrophy
| inflammatory- polymyositis
28
Toe walker, positive gowers sign
Muscular dystrophy
29
mask like expression
PD
30
fluctuating cognitive defect
LB dementia or delirium
31
REM disturbance
LB dementia or PD
32
Vivid visual hallucination normally of children and not threatening
LB dementia
33
acute onset, cognitive disturbance that fluctuates
delirium
34
personality/ behaviour changes then dementia
frontotemporal dementia (picks disease)
35
Memory and personality problems in someone with a history of CVD
vascular dementia
36
stepwise deterioration
vascular dementia
37
pain on loud noise
facial nerve palsy
38
Acute painful third nerve palsy
posterior communicating artery aneurysm
39
Myalgia + mypsitis + myoglobulinaemia/uria
rhabdomyolysis
40
What can rhabdomyolysis lead to?
DIC, ARF
41
inflammatory myopathy with poor response to steroids
inclusion body myositis
42
Weakness + frontal balding + cataracts + ptosis
myotonic dystrophy
| onsets 30s, FH
43
leg symptoms plus midline shift
falcine herniation
44
back pain worse on coughing
slipped disc
45
headache worse on coughing
posterior fossa issue
46
saddle area numbness
| BL sciatica, male sexual dysfunction +/- bowel and bladder symptoms
cauda equina
47
pleocytosis
rule out bacterial meningitis
48
migraine prophylaxis
1st line- propanolol, topiramate or amitriptyline
| 2nd- valproate, pizotifen, gabapentin, pregabalin (if drug doesnt work in 4 months try another)
49
injury to upper brachial plexus (c5-6 severed)
Erb's palsy
| commonly due to shoulder dystocia
50
waiters tip
Erb's palsy
51
injury to lower brachial plexus
Klumpkes palsy
52
Claw hand
Klumpkes palsy
53
positive simmonds test
achiles tendon rupture
54
anti ACh receptor antibody
myasthenia gravis
55
UMN and LMN symptoms with ocular sparing
motor neuron disease
56
third person auditory hallucinations
schizophrenia
57
mesocortical dopamine hypoactivity
negative and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia
58
subcortical dopamine hyperactivity
psychosis
59
dopamine pathways in the brain
tuberoinfundibular (involved in prolactin release)
nigrostriatal (extrapyramidal motor movements)
subcortical & mesocortical (mesolibic system- motivation and reward)
60
mesolimbic Da blockade
depression
61
mesolimbic Da agonism
psychosis
62
atypical antipsychotic that causes most weight gain?
olanzapine
63
se of clozapine
agranulocytosis, cardiomyocitis and weight gain (second to olanzapine)
64
Clozapine rules to prescribe?
try two other anti-psych
| consultant to prescribe
65
monitoring clozapine?
once a week for first 6 months
every 2 weeks for next 6 months
every four weeks after
one month after stopping
66
limbic system functions
M2OVE
| motivation, memory, olfaction, visceral afferents, emotion
67
brain changes in schizophrenia
reduced frontal lobe/grey matter, enlarged lateral ventricles, reduced grey matter in temporal cortex
68
pressure of thought
alot of varied ideas
| characteristic of mania or schizophrenia
69
poverty of thought
lack/absence of thoughts
70
thought blocking
abrupt and complete interruption of stream strongly ass with schizophrenia
71
flight of ideas
| knightsmove thinking
moving from one topic to the next with a link unlike knightsmove where no link appears seen in bipolar during manic phase
72
treatment of EPSE
procyclidine
73
amygdala
involved in the normal response to threat
74
PFC
dampens down the amygdalas response to threat-with less connections is less effective
75
management of ocd
SSRI, SSRI, TCA or SSRI, SSRI or TCA (chlomipramine is the TCA of choice)
CBT
76
learning disabilities
```
borderline 70-80
mild 50-69
mod 35-49
sev 20-34
profound <20
```
77
becks triad
negative feelings about self, world and future
78
SE of NMDA antagonists
psychotic symptoms
79
treating alcohol withdrawal
chlordiazepoxide
80
alcohol withdrawal seizures
occur within 48hrs
81
delirium tremens after alcohol withdrawal
48-72hrs
82
eosinophilic inclusions
lewy bodies seen in LBD and PD
83
risk of hypertensive crisis in which drugs
MAOIs
84
treatment of hypertensive crisis
phentolamine infusion
85
when to avoid TCAs
cardiac problems or patients with suicidal intent
86
USS snowstorm appearance or frogspawn when expelled
hydatidiform mole
87
antepartum haemorrhage in patient with succenturiate lobe or valementous insertion
vasa praevia
88
maternal blood and no fetal distress
ante partum haemorrhage MUST EXCLUDE placenta before doing vaginal exam
89
fetal blood and sudden fetal distress
vasa previa (need to treat with c section)
90
placenta accreta (doughy abdomen)
placenta on the myometrium commonly post endometrial ablation (always give contraception) c section with/without hysterectomy needed
91
schistocytes
intravascular haemolysis
92
pepper pot skull
myeloma
93
rouleux formation
myeloma
94
reed sternberg cells
hodgkins lymphoma
95
philadelphia chromosome (chromosome translocation between 9 & 22)
chronic myelois leukemia
96
atypical lymphocytes
EBV (mononucleosis)
97
auer rods
acute myeloid leukemia
98
Bence-jones proteins
multiple myeloma
99
itchy after hot bath
polycytheamia rubra vera
100
translocation of info between 8 and 14
burkitts lymphoma
101
african kid history of EBV and tumour in face/jaw
burkitts
102
alcohol makes it worse
hodgkins lymphoma
103
haemarthrosis
haemophilia
104
bleeding into joint
secondary haemostasis problem
105
reduced level of factor IX
haemophilia B/christmas disease
106
young boy reduced levels of factor VIII and increased APTT
haemophilia A
107
congo red staining
amyloid deposition of biopsied tissue in myeloma and AA amyloidosis
108
schillings test
b12 deficiency
109
smudge cells (immature leukocytes)
CLL
110
JAK-2 mutation
PRV or essential thrombocythemia
111
NBT test
Chronic granulomatosis disease
112
positive schumms test
intravascular haemolytic anaemia
113
hair on end skull xray
major beta thalassemia
114
bite cells, blister cells and heinz bodies
G6PD deficiency
115
russell bodies
chronic inflammation
116
schistocytes
intravascular haemolysis
117
avoid what with simvustatin
grapefruit juice
118
suspected meningitis treatment
benzylpenicillin
119
gram negative stains what colour
pink
120
when do you do IVF
unexplained infertility, female infertility or mild male factor
121
When do you do ICSI
(intracytoplasmic sperm injection) male infertility
122
definition of infertility
after two years of trying
| but can go to the GP after 1 year
123
tests for infertility
female- mid progesterone level (are they ovulating), HSG (tube patency), STI screnn, transvaginal US
male- semen analysis
124
day 21 progesterone
ovulation test
125
pregnancy test
measure HCG
126
iron side effect
makes stools black
127
who typically gets ALL
younger people
128
CML treatment
imatinib
129
anemic old person first and 2nd Ix
sigmoid colonscopy
| endoscopy (check for chronic bleed)
130
warfarin test
measure INR
131
heparin test
measure prothrombin
132
pneumococcal meningitis treatment in child
penicililin
133
HiB meningitis prophylaxis
rifampicin
134
cause of neonatal conjuncitivitis
gram positive cocci- group B strep
135
lithium SE
```
underactive thyroid
dry mouth
shaky
weight gain
BLOOD TEST 5 day after starting
```
136
genital warts treatment
podophylin
137
secretions of seminal vesicles
fructose rich fluid, prostaglandin, fibrinogen
138
se metoclopramide
restless, insomnia, fatigue, depression, parkinsonism
139
se sodium valproate
stomach irritation, unsteady, tremor, weight gain
140
se carbamazepine
n and v, dizzy, headache, confused, double vision
141
se iamortigine
SJS caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding
142
cloazapine se
agranulocytosis
143
se atypical antipsychotics
weight gain esp olanzapine
144
tpical antipsychotis se
tardive dyskinesia
145
acute closed angle glaucome
mid dilated pupil
146
hemisection of posterior spinal cord
will leave some motor function since anterior corticospinal tracts intact
147
Ix orbital cellulitis
CT
148
green frothy baginal discharge
trichomoniasis treat with metronidazole
149
pregnant women with diabetes collapses first test
blood glucose
150
dizzy turning in bed and gets up disappears over minutes
BPPV
151
abdo pain radiating to back with hx of gall stones
pancreatitis
152
ruq pain radiating to shoulder
gall bladder
153
RUQ pain and elavated LFT and fever
hepatitis
154
frontotemporal dementia
behaviour and language change
155
lewy body disease
hallucinations and parkinsonism
156
motor neuron disease
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
157
chorea
purposeless movements that fit and flow appearing restless
158
foot drop
L5
159
path of trigeminal nerve
travels into parotid gland and branches afterwards
160
poor vision and floaters
retinal detachment
161
vertical diplopia when walking down stairs
SO4 palsy
