YR10 DNA - Topic Test Revision

Question 1

what makes up the DNA’s structure

Answer 1

phosphate and deoxyribonucleic sugar (backbone) and the 4 bases (adenine and thymine, guanine and cytosine) and hydrogen bonds holding the bases together

Question 2

function of DNA

Answer 2

contains the genetic instructions for the development and function of living things. The main role of DNA in the cell is the long-term storage of information.

Question 3

extracting DNA

crushing the strawberry

Answer 3

breaks open the cell

Question 4

add detergent to the mixture

Answer 4

pulls apart the lipids and protein that makes up the membrane around the cell and nucleus.

Question 5

add salt to the mixture

Answer 5

to neutralize the charge of the DNA’s sugar and phosphate

Question 6

pour cold ethanol into the mixture

Answer 6

increases the yield of DNA, low temperatures protect the DNA by slowing down the enzymes that could break it apart.

Question 7

precipitate DNA from the mixture

Answer 7

so you can get a clump of DNA which is visible

Question 8

mitosis cell cycle step 1

I

Answer 8

interphase - 42 chromosomes replicate = 92 chromosomes

Question 9

mitosis cell cycle step 2

P

Answer 9

prophase - chromosomes shorten and thicken

Question 10

mitosis cell cycle step 3

M

Answer 10

metaphase - chromosomes line up on the equator

Question 11

mitosis cell cycle step 4

A

Answer 11

anaphase - chromatids separate and start moving towards the poles

Question 12

mitosis cell cycle step 5

T

Answer 12

telophase - chromatids are at the poles, and cell splits into two new cells (cytokinesis)

Question 13

meiosis cell cycle step 1

M1

Answer 13

metaphase 1 - replicated chromosomes form (matching) homologous pairs, attached to spindle fibres and lined up in the middle

Question 14

meiosis cell cycle step 2

A1

Answer 14

anaphase 1 - one replicated chromosome of each pair moves to each pole

Question 15

meiosis cell cycle step 3

T1

Answer 15

telophase 1 - two cells are formed, each with one replicated chromosome

Question 16

meiosis cell cycle step 4

M2

Answer 16

metaphase 2 - chromosomes line up on the equator attached to spindle fibres

Question 17

meiosis cell cycle step 5

A2

Answer 17

anaphase 2 - chromatids separate and move to poles

Question 18

meiosis cell cycle step 6

T2

Answer 18

telophase 2 - four cells result with one copy of each chromosome, they are haploid gametes.

Question 19

mitosis definition

Answer 19

a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.

Question 20

site of process in both

Answer 20

mitosis - somatic cells

meiosis - ovaries/testes

Question 21

parent cells (haploid/diploid)

Answer 21

mitosis - diploid

meiosis - diploid

Question 22

chromosome replication?

Answer 22

yes to both

Question 23

line up in homologous pairs? (matching)

Answer 23

mitosis - no

meiosis - yes

Question 24

fibres pull chromosomes apart?

Answer 24

yes to both

Question 25

number of daughter cells

Answer 25

mitosis- 2 | meiosis - 4

Question 26

daughter cells haploid/diploid

Answer 26

mitosis - diploid | meiosis - haploid

Question 27

nucleotide (DNA)

Answer 27

DNA is made up of this. Nucleotides are made up of sugar, phosphate and a base.

Question 28

nucleotide (RNA) function

Answer 28

their role is to send the message from DNA to ribosomes

Question 29

DNA is located where

Answer 29

the nucleus

Question 30

scientists who discovered DNA

Answer 30

Oswald Avery James Watson Friedrich Miescher Rosalind Franklin

Question 31

what is the basic unit of DNA

Answer 31

a nucleotide

Question 32

3 parts of DNA

Answer 32

sugar, phosphate and bases

Question 33

describe the structure of a DNA molecule

Answer 33

twisted ladder, double helix, DNA twisted around a protein

Question 34

whats a gene

Answer 34

genes are a part of DNA that codes a series of amino acids

Question 35

describe a chromosome

Answer 35

- made from DNA molecule - wound around histone (protein) - x and y chromosomes - contains genetic information - double helix shape - made from nucleotides

Question 36

diploid

Answer 36

full chromosomes number of cells (normal)

Question 37

haploid

Answer 37

half of the normal chromosome number

Question 38

daughter cell

Answer 38

the new cells produced as a result of mitosis and meiosis

Question 39

what parts of the body do mitosis occur

Answer 39

everywhere except the ovaries, testes and red blood cells

Question 40

recombinant DNA

Answer 40

are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome.

Question 41

sugar + phosphate in dna

Answer 41

The sugar phosphate backbone is an important structural component of DNA.

Question 42

double helix

Answer 42

refers to the structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA.