Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Public Health > Zoonotic Disease Of The Southwest > Flashcards

Zoonotic Disease Of The Southwest Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Most common zoonotic disease investigated by AZ health departments

A

Rabies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Presence of zoonotic diseases in AZ exacerbated by (5)

A

-Diversity in wildlife species
- Disparities across communities
- Extreme climates
- Varying topography
- Close proximity to an international border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does tularemia occur (5)

A

North America
Europe
Former Soviet Union
China
Japan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the 3rd most common reported lab associated bacterial infection

A

Tularemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tularemia in AZ: location, reservoir/vector

A

Naturally in rabbits and rodents
Above 3,000 feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tularemia agent

A

Francisella tularensis = gram neg bacterium
Potential bioterrorism weapon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tularemia epidemiology: incubation, period of communicability, susceptibility and resistance

A

1-14 days, average 3-5 days
NOT person to person —->flies can stay infective for 14 days, ticks stay infective throughout lifetime
All ages susceptible
Long term immunity following infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tularemia clinical diagnosis

A

Evidence/history of tick or deer fly bite, exposure to tissues of mammalian host infected
Fever, chills, headaches, diarrhea, muscles aches, joint pain, dry cough, progressive weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Without treatment, tularemia infection could progress to

A

Respiratory failure, shock, death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

6 clinical forms of tularemia

A

Ulceroglandular
Glandular
Oculoglandular
Oropharyngeal
Pneumonic
Typhoidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most common clinical form of tularemia

A

Ulceroglandular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ulceroglandular tularemia: cause, clinical signs

A

After tick or deer fly bite OR handling infected animal
Cutaneous ulcer with regional lymphadenopathy(swollen lymph nodes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Glandular vs Ulceroglandular tularemia

A

Glandular = regional lymphadenopathy with NO ulcer
Ulceroglandular = with ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oculoglandular tularemia: cause, clinical sign

A

Bacteria enter eye when person is butchering infected animal and touches their eye
Conjunctivitis with preauricular lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Oropharyngeal tularemia: cause, clinical signs

A
  • From eating or drinking contaminated food or water
  • Stomatitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis and cervical lymphadenopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most serious form of tularemia

A

Pneumonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pneumonic tularemia: cause, clinical signs

A
  • From breathing dust or aerosols containing the organism or when other forms are left untreated and have hematogenous spread
    -Primary pleuropulmonary disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Typhoidal tularemia: clinical signs

A

Febrile illness without early localizing signs and symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Type A vs Type B tularemia infections: difference in reservoirs

A

Type A = rabbits or ticks
Type B = hares and rodents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where are type A tularemia strains localized

A

Western US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tularemia mode of transmission (MANY)

A
  • Bite of certain arthropods
  • Inoculation of skin, conjunctival sac, or oropharyngeal mucosa with contaminated water, blood, or tissue while handling carcasses of infected animals
  • Handling or ingesting insufficiently cooked meat of infected animal hosts
    -Drinking contaminated water
  • Inhalation of dust from contaminated soil, grain, or hay
    -Contaminated pelts and paws of animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tularemia treatment

A

Antibiotics = streptomycin, doxycycline, gentamicin
10-21 days
Most patients don’t completely recover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where must tularemia be reported to (and time frame)

A

AZDA
Within 4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Clinical samples used to test for tularemia

A

Ulcer scraping/swab
Lymph node biopsy
Tissue biopsy
Pharyngeal washes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Tularemia prevention
Note any change in behavior of pets Inspect heard Use dust masks when mowing Use insect repellant with DEET Wear long clothing Remove attached ticks
26
Most severe disease caused by tick in US
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
27
What percent of RMSF cases are fatal
5-10
28
Is RMSF notifiable to CDC
YES
29
What state the most cases of RMSF
Arizona
30
RMFS: causative agent, mode of transmission (incubation period), how it causes disease
Rickettsia rickettsi = gran neg obligate intracellular parasite Bite of infected tick Usually 4-5 days Invades endothelial cells of venules and capillaries —> replicates —> causes vasculitis
31
RMSF clinical signs
Fever (102 - 105) Severe lethargy Rash (but not in AZ)
32
In general what percent of RMSF cases develop rash
60
33
RMSF clinical signs in the LATE stage
Necrosis Abdominal pain, vomiting Signs of depression Vestibular defects Dyspnea Myalgia
34
Most likely abnormal clinical finding for RMSF (3)
Hypoalbuminemia Moderate leukocytosis Thrombocytopenia
35
Clinical RMSF resembles infection with what
Eherlichia canis
36
Gold standard serologic test for RMSF
Indirect immunofluorescence assay with Ag
37
Other test for RMSF
PCR
38
Best antibiotic for RMSF treatment
Doxycycline
39
RMSF prevention in dogs
- Prevent tick attachment or promptly remove ticks - Topical or systemic tick-control treatment such as permethrin, fipronil - Seasonal tick and flea dips - Impregnated collars containing amitraz or propoxur
40
Primary domestic reservoir for chagas
Dogs
41
How many people in Mexico, Central America and South America have chagas
8 million
42
Chagas: causative organism, mode of transmission, where only found
Trypanosoma cruzi = Protozoan parasite To animals and people by insect vectors Americas
43
Chagas aka
American trypanosomiasis
44
What insects in Arizona likely have chagas parasite
Kissing bugs
45
Chagas transmission to humans (5)
Vector borne Congenital Blood Organ transplantation Oral ingestion of contaminated foods
46
2 phases of chagas infection
Acute Chronic
47
Acute chagas: timeline, clinical signs
First few weeks or months Fever, fatigue, body aches, rash Ramanas sign = swelling of eyelids
48
Chronic chagas: timeline, clinical signs
Decades to lifetime Cardiac or GI complications
49
What percent of chronic chagas cases develop cardiac or GI complications
20-30
50
3 ways to diagnose chagas: acute vs chronic
PCR Chronic = Serologic testing Acute = find trypomastigotes in blood or CSF
51
Chagas treatment
Antiparasitic to kill parasite = benznidazole Manage symptoms Monitor heart
52
What is the only way to get drugs for chagas treatment in the United States and why
Through CDC Not approved by FDA
53
Chagas in dogs: presentation
arrythmias myocardial dysfunction congestive hear failure
54
Risk factors for chagas in dogs
Living in or traveling to area with infected insect vectors Dog kennels High density areas attract kissing bugs
55
Chagas prevention
Vector control Turn off outdoor lights Clean up brush House dogs inside Use insecticides
56
Do traditional tick and flea repellants work on chagas
No
57
onchocerca lupi: causative organism, epidemiology
filarial nematode adults embedded in ocular nodules and granulomatus masses of infected dogs females release microfilaria found in skin of ears, nose, umbilical rregions suspected vector = black fly
58
definitive host for onchocerca lupi
DOG
59
onchocerca lupi: clinical diagnosis
detectable via ophthalmic evaluation detection of ocular nodules in sclera histopath id of adult worms
60
onchocerca lupi treatment
surgical removal of worms no evidence for treatment

Public Health (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions