human bio

- Describe how cells can be thought of as the basic units of life

- Explain how a single cell can survive and function in isolation. - Distinguish the main structures and functions of a cell and its main organelles. - Explain how cell membranes create compartmentalization which regulate the flow of substances into and out of cells. - Describe the passive diffusion of water across semi-permeable cell - membranes and the role of aquaporins - Describe how the cell uses the Na-K ATP base to create the electrochemical gradient that provides the energy for l

-Understand the role of feedback loops in maintaining homeostasis (positive and negative) -Describe how cells/tissues/organs communicate with themselves and the outside world -Identify the major intracellular cells, how they are generated and what they do -Appreciate the role of pituary gland and pituitary hormones in regulating different organs

Describe the mechanisms that maintain blood sugar in the fed state (after eating) Describe the mechanisms that maintain the blood sugar during fasting (time before eating)

-Describe the mechanisms that regulate insulin secretion in the pancreas -Outline the diseases of diabetes and understand the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Describe the external and microscopic anatomy of the liver, including the portal vein and hepatic arteries, the bile ducts, liver lobules, and portal triads. Describe the liver’s role in maintaining blood cholesterol levels Describe how albumin helps to maintain blood volume Describe the control of iron balance in the body, including the role of transferrin, ferroportin and hepcidin