human respiratory system Flashcards
(40 cards)
explain the anatomy of the respiratory system
upper and lower respiratory system.
how doe air go in the respiratory system
nasal cavity- pharynx- larynx- trachea- bronchia of the lungs - diaphragm
why can you sometime taste blood when you are running
the alveoli starts to burst because of the stretching
what is the function of nasal activity
two functions nasal hair catches debris and humidify the dry air. (trachea finds dry air to be irritating). but when you
what is the role of the phanryx
both digestive and respiratory. controls if food will go to esophagus or larynx to the respiratory system. also has vocal chords to allow us to speak
what is the purpose of the blue rings that surround the trachea.
cartilage rings to provide structural support to keep the trachea open. t
what is tracheotomy
this is where wee can also intervene in case of nay blockages in the upper respirator system
whats the diaphragm made of
skeletal muscle between abdomen and thoracic cavity
explain the right and left side of lungs
right: three lobes - superior, middle and inferior
left- superior and inferior
cardiac notch: where the heart sits.
explain the bronchi
as you go down from trachea to bronchiole, the cartilage ring biomes smaller and smaller until its gone fully. instead, there will be smooth muscle cells that surround the bronchiole which control air.
how is the respiratory system protected from pathogens
we have a lymphatic vessel that monitor lung tissue to protect it from anything trying to invade the lower respiratory system. .
explain the alveoli
it does the gas exchange. sacs of membranes and surrounded by elastic fibre to help expansion and contractions. there are capillaries that surround it.
explain the gas exchange hat occurs
uptake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide to environment. the release it again from high to low pressure. knowing the partial pressure of a gas allows us to predict its movement.
how do you calculate total pressure
total atmospheric pressure x fractional of it in the atmosphere.
what happens when you take a deep breath
air ruches in the nose- chest expands- abdomen expands- shoulders lift up. this is known as negative pressure breathing. to move air from outside to lungs, there needs to be a difference in pressure. we expand the chest wall (thoracic cavity) your lungs expand and leads to a drop in pressure that allows air to go in.
when you breathe, the lungs expand to create a drop in pressure to allow air in, how does it stick to the thoracic cavity
double membrane that surrounds the lungs -
visceral pleura: on the outside tissue of your lung
parietal pleura : surface of thoracic cavity
they stick to each other through pleural fluid aided by hydrogen bonding.
how does breathing out works
passive process. as you relax the lungs, the volume decreases and there’s an increase in pressure that push it out of the lung.
how can we change the volume moving and out of our lungs
6 litres is max but tidal volume is 500ml of gas. if you tart to push out all the lungs and try to push it all out, you will still have 1200ml left so you don’t have to replenish your alveoli with each breathe.
explain the spirometer tracing
measure amount of gas inside a patients lungs.
explain the gas exchange that occurs in the alveoli
at the exchange level, the barrier between the capillaries of the lungs and the alveoli space is very small. its very important for rapid exchange of gases.
what are the types of gases and their roles
type 1 for gas exchange and type 2 is for secrete surfactant that acts as a buffer to lower the surface tension in and around the alveoli- we don’t want the water molecules to interact to collapse the alveoli
explain what happens through the partial pressure when we breathe in oxygen
when we breathe in oxygen, the partial pressure is low because of the dead space around the lungs. at the exchange of the capillaries in your lungs, it becomes your arterial blood to the systemic circulation to the venous blood to the
