熟词僻义

Question 1

absorb

Answer 1

absorb /Eb5sR:b/ v [T] 忍耐；忍受：absorb the additional hardships（忍受额外的困苦）During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. [2007 Text 3]（与此同时，家庭成员的退休收入也要承担更多风险。） 【常见义】v [T]吸收；吸进

Question 2

act

Answer 2

act /Akt/ n [C] 行为；举动：This dreadful murder is surely the act of a madman. （这种令人惊骇的谋杀纯粹是疯子的行为。）This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. [2007 Text 1]（这次实验的成功，加上后来那些表明记 忆力不是由遗传决定的实验，使埃里克森得出结论：记忆行为与其说是一种直觉活动，不如说是 一种认知活动。） Instead, the studies ended up giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very act of being experimented upon changes subjects‟ behavior. [2010 Section I]（出人意料的是，人们最终以将这些研究的结果命名了为“霍桑效应”——一种 极具影响力的观点，认为仅仅成为实验对象这一举动就足以使受试者的行为发生改变。）Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia. [2008 Text 4]（而 仅仅在那之前的十年，这样的行为在弗吉尼亚还需要得到立法机构的批准。） n [C]（立法机构所立的）法案，法令：Parliament has passed an act which makes such sports illegal.（议会通过了一项法例，规定这些娱乐是非法的。） The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts. [2013 Text 4]（唯一主要的反对来自大法官安东宁·斯卡利 亚，他为州特权提供了更加强有力的辩护，这些州特权可回溯到《外国人与煽动叛乱法》这一法 案。） 【常见义】v [I, T]扮演 v [I]行动

Question 3

address

Answer 3

address /E5dres/ v [T]（尤指正式地）向（某人或听众）讲话：The chairman will now address the meeting.（现在由主席向与会者讲话。 ） Depending on whom you are addressing, the
problems will be different. [2002 Text 1（] 因此，谈话对象不同，所谈的问题也不同。）v [T] 提
出；提交（口头或书面的报告）以引起„„的注意：address a protest to the faculty senate（向校评议会提交抗议书） Regrettably, however, the report‟s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good. [2014 Text 4] （然而，令人遗憾的是，该报告未能指出文科教育面临的危机的实质，故其带来的弊大于利。）v [T] 应对；处理： Governments have been slow to address the problem of global warming.（政府在应对全球变暖问题上动作迟缓。 ） Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless. [2006 Section I]（《波士顿环球报》的记者克里斯·里迪指出， 只 有通过综合规划来满足无家可归者的各种需求，情况才能够得到改善。） 【常见义】n [C]住址；地址

Question 4

agent

Answer 4

agent /5eIdVEnt/ n [C] 原动力；动因： Technological advances are the chief agents; of change.
（技 术进步是变革的主要推动力。） Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent; of evolution has gone. [2000 Passage 2]（由于大部分的变异是由基因引起的，所以又一个影响进 化的因素消失了。） 【常见义】n [C]代理人，经纪人

Question 5

air

Answer 5

air /eE/ n [C] 气质，风度：smile with a triumphant ai（r 带著胜利神情的微笑）Even Tommasini,
who had advocated Gilbert‟s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” [2011 Text 1] （甚至在《纽约时报》上发表文章 支持任命吉尔伯特的托马西尼，都称其为“一位谦逊的音乐家， 在他身上没有指挥家那种 令人望而生畏的神态”。 ） 【常见义】n [U]空气

Question 6

anchor

Answer 6

anchor / 5ANkE(r) / n [C] 主持人；主播： He signed off after nineteen years as CBS news anchor.（在 做了 19 年哥伦比亚广播公司新闻节目主持人后，他辞职不干了。） Fast-food

eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. [2006 Text 4（]
快餐食客们、

新闻主播们 以及发送短信息者，都在微笑，微笑，微笑。） 【常见义】n [C]锚

Question 7

answer

Answer 7

answer /5B:nsE(r)/ n [sing] （地位、作用等方面的）对应物；相当的人： The press called her Britain‟s answer to Marilyn Monroe.（新闻界称她为英国的玛丽莲·梦露。） [2013 Text 1] Overdressed is the fashion world‟s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan‟s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. [2013 Text 1] 迈克尔·波伦的《杂食者的困境》一书是维护消费者权益的畅销书， 而《过度时装消费》则相当于时尚界的《杂食者的困境》。 【常见义】n [C]回答 v [I, T] 回答

Question 8

appeal

Answer 8

appeal /E5pi:l/ v [I]（对某人）有吸引力；（使某人）感兴趣：The idea of camping has never appealed to me. （对露营这种想法我从来就不感兴趣。） If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. [2007 Part C]（如果有关法律的研习正开始成为普通教育的重要组成部分， 那么它的目的和方法应该会即刻吸引新闻学教育者。） 【常见义】v [I]
（向上级法院）上诉

Question 9

appetite

Answer 9

appetite /5ApItaIt/ n [C, U] 欲求： an insatiable appetite for books（对书籍永不满足的欲望 ） Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. [2009 Part C] （比如，宗教团体的成立是为了保卫统治阶层的利益和抵御邪恶势力；家庭生活的建立是为 了满足身体的欲望和维系家族长久；有组织的劳动的兴起很大程度上是因为奴隶制度的产生， 等等。） 【常见义】 n [U]胃口；食欲

Question 10

approach

Answer 10

approach /E5prEUtF/ v [T] 处理；对付：Governments tend to approach the issue from different angles.（政 府倾向于从多个角度处理这个问题。 ）Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally （or collaboratively） and innovatively. [2009 Text 1]（20 世纪 60 年代末，研究人 员发现人类生来具有四种主要的应对挑战的方法：分析的方法、程式化的方法、相关联的方 法（也称协作性方法）和创新性的方法。） The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing‟s impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media. [2011 Text 3]（如今消费者对于做出购买决定这一过程的处理 方式，意味着市场营销的影响力来自于传统付费媒介以外的广泛因素。） 【常见义】n [C]道路；方法

Question 11

argue

Answer 11

argue /5B:gju/ v [I, T] 坚持，主张：The speaker argued that more immigrants should be admitted to the country.（讲演者举出理由证明应该允许更多的移民入境。） If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost
of keeping up the line. [2003 Text 3]（他们认为，如果铁路公司对所有客户平均收费，那些可以选择货 运汽车或其他运输方式的客户就会另作选择，从而使剩下的客户承担铁路的运营费用。）Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? [2005 Text 1]（还记得科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡，而怀 疑者们却坚持认为我们对此尚不能确定的那些年吗？） 【常见义】v [I, T]争论；争吵

Question 12

arm

Answer 12

arm /B:m / v [T] 提供（设备， 信息等）；配备：I‟ll need to arm myself with all the facts before meeting them formally.（在与他们正式见面前，我需要了解所有的事实。）Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. [2004 Text1]（有的人用它来密切关注对于本行业 的市场需求或搜集有关薪水的信息以备加薪谈判时胸有成竹。） 【常见义】 n [C] 手臂arm

Question 13

assume

Answer 13

assume /E5sju:m/ v [T] 呈现；具有（特定的性质、外表或程度）：Militant activity had assumed epidemic proportions.（军事活动呈蔓延之势。） In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms. [2013 Part C]（从中， 我 们可以看到人类亲近大自然的天性（对接触非人类生命的渴望）呈现出一种奇特的表现形式。） 【常见义】v [T]假定，认为assume

Question 14

attack

Answer 14

attack /E5tAk/ n [C，U] 抨击；非难： an attack; on the government‟s policies（对政府政策的抨击）The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. [2000 Passage 5（]
对野心的抨击比比皆 是，并且角度各不相同；公开为雄心辩解的人则寥寥无几，虽然他们不至于毫无吸引力，但 却无法给人留下深刻印象。） 【常见义】v [I, T]进攻；攻击

Question 15

bar

Answer 15

bar /bB: / n [S] 法律专业（人士），法律界： Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. [2014 Text 2]（另一种提议是主张学生在法学院学习两年后就进行司 法考试。） 【常见义】n [C]棍，棒；酒吧

Question 16

bear

Answer 16

bear /beE(r)/ v [T] 承担；担负： the expert‟s fee shall be borne by the tenant（专家费要由承租 人 负 担 ） Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen—and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for
families‟ future healthcare. [2007 Text 3]（医疗保健的绝对支出和家庭所承担的份额都提高了，最近流行的健 康储蓄计划正从立法机构延伸到沃尔玛员工中，该计划增加了医疗保险扣减额，也增加了家 庭未来医疗保健方面的投资风险。） 【常见义】n [C]熊

Question 17

bill

Answer 17

bill /bIl/ n [C] （提交议会讨论的）法案： propose a bill（提出一项议案） In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill; that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins. [2001 Section II]（为了大力加强对报界 的法律控制，大法官欧文勋爵将提交一份草案，提出向证人付费将被视为非
法，并且严格控 制开庭前对案情的公开程度。） 【常见义】n [C]账单

Question 18

board

Answer 18

board /bR:d/ n [C] 委员会；理事会；董事会： He sits on the company‟s management board.
（他 是公司的管理委员。）He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear… that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension.” [2002 Text 4]（他说，行医执照颁发委员会“必须明确表明„„病人痛苦的死亡可以推定为由 于医生治疗不力造成的，应该吊销其行医执照。” ） 【常见义】n [C]木板

Question 19

book

Answer 19

book /bUk/ v [T] 记载； 把„„记录在册： book the loss（记录损失） And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains. [2010 Text 4]（另外，缺少活力的市场在一定程度上反映银 行系统的瘫痪，为避免账面损失，他们不愿意出售资产，也不愿意收购那些所谓的廉价资产。 ） 【常见义】n [C]书；书籍

Question 20

branch

Answer 20

branch /brB:ntF/ n [C]（知识的）分科；（语言的）分系：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. [2003 Part B] （社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性、有序、 系统和冷静的方式去研究人类及其活动。）Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing; living in “public and illustrious thoughts,” as
Emersion would say, is something else. [2006 Part C]（精通人类知识的某个分支是一回事； 而生活在如爱默生所说的“公众、卓越的思 考”之中，又是另外一回事。） 【常见义】n [C] 树枝

Question 21

buy

Answer 21

buy /baI/ v [T]认为合乎情理而接受（某事物）；相信：No one will buy that excuse.（谁也 不会相信那个借口。） Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves. [2005 Text 2]（许多美国人接受了这些无稽之谈，结果在 过去的三十多年里，差不多有一千万烟民早早地进了坟墓。 ） 【常见义】v [T]购买； 采购

Question 22

canned

Answer 22

canned /kAnd/ adj （音乐、笑声或掌声）预先录好的： Is there any canned laughter in the TV programme?（在此电视剧中有预先录制的笑声吗？） And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. [2007 Part B]（长时间 观看带有录制好笑声的电视节目只能让孩子被动地处理信息。） 【常见义】adj 罐装的

Question 23

capacity

Answer 23

capacity /kE5pAsEti/ n [C, U] 能力；才能：a child‟s capacity for learning（孩子的学习能力） “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men‟s,” she observes, “it‟s just that they‟re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.” [2008 Text 1]（她指出：“她们承受压力的能力甚至可能比男性更强，只是她们要处理的事情 更多，因此她们的疲态出现得更早、更明显。”） 【常见义】n [U]容量

Question 24

carry

Answer 24

carry /5kAri/ v [T] 备有（货物）供销售： The sports shop carries a full range of equipments.
（这 个体育用品商店有各类商品出售。） And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. [2010 Text 4]（除非银行出售的有毒资产在 价格上足够吸引买家，否则银行系统的复兴将十分艰难。） 【常见义】v [T]携带；搬运

Question 25

case

Answer 25

case /keIs/ n（语法） 格（ 语言中用来表示形容词、名词、代词与另一词关系的形式）： possessive case（所有格） Mr. McWhorter‟s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English. [2005 Text 4]（麦克沃特先生的专业是语言史与语言演 变，他认为诸如“whom”这一类词的逐渐消失是自然的，与古英语中词格尾缀的消失一样没 什么可惋惜的。） 【常见义】n [C] 事例；实例

Question 26

catch

Answer 26

catch /kAtF/ n [U] 所捕获的某事物（的量）：a huge catch of fish（大量捕获的鱼）That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. [2006 Text 3]（这表 明更高比例的生物正在被捕捞，因此现在与过去的真正差异可能比记录的捕捞量变化所体现 的差异更大。 ） 【常见义】v [T]抓住；接住

Question 27

celebrate

Answer 27

celebrate /5selIbreIt/ v [T] 歌颂，赞扬：a sonnet that celebrates love（歌颂爱情的十四行诗） In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing? [2011 Text 4（] 在一个一直 歌颂生 育的社会中， 承认后悔生育孩子就相当于承认自己支持残杀幼猫，这有什么奇怪的吗？） 【常见义】v [T]庆祝celebrate

Question 28

cement

Answer 28

cement /sI5ment/ v [T] 加强；巩固： cement a friendship（加强友谊） They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. [2014 Text 3]（它们可能会使同行评审研究的现状停滞不前。） 【常见义】n [U]水泥

Question 29

chair

Answer 29

chair /tFeE(r)/ v [T] 主持；监管： Would you like to chair tomorrow‟s meeting?（你愿意主持明天 的会议吗？） Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O‟Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. [2003 Text 4]（最高法院法官桑德 拉·戴·欧康奈现在已经 70 多岁了，而前卫生局局长 C. 埃弗雷特·库伯 80 多岁时还担任一家新兴互联网公司的负责人。） 【常见义】n [C]椅子

Question 30

challenge

Answer 30

challenge /5tFAlIndV/ v [T] 质疑：This new discovery challenges traditional beliefs. （这项新的发现对传 统观念提出了异议。） We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other‟s reasoning and each other‟s conceptions of reason. [2012 Text 3]（我们一起思考，一起怀疑、修正和完善 彼此的推理过程，以及彼此对理性的理解。）n [C]质问；怀疑：a serious challenge to the Prime Minister's authority（ 对首相的权 威性郑重提出的异议） Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. [2012 Text 3]（新发表的看似至关重要 且有说服力的发现声明和可靠发现总是会受到质疑，并且可能会被后来的研究者修改或者反 驳，这不足为奇。） 【常见义】v [T]挑战 n [C] 挑战

Question 31

check

Answer 31

check /tFek/ v [T] 阻碍；制止：check an impulse to laugh（抑止住想要笑的冲动） The police are failing to take adequate measures to check the growth in crime. [2000 Passage 5]（警方未能采 取适当的措施来阻止犯罪率上升。） 【常见义】v [T]检查

Question 32

clash

Answer 32

clash /klAF/ n [C] 冲突；争论： The plans put oil companies in a head-on clash; with environmentalists. （这些计划使石油公司和环境保护主义者发生了正面冲突。） The astonishing distrust of the news media isn‟t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash; of world views between reporters and their readers. [2001 Passage 3]（对新闻媒体出奇的不信任并不是源于报道失实或报道水平欠佳，而是源于记者和读者每天都发生着的世 界观的冲突。 ） 【常见义】n [C]碰撞声；撞击声

Question 33

class

Answer 33

class /klB:s/ v [T] 把„„分类；将„„归类： Heroin and cocaine are classed as hard drugs.（海 洛因和可卡因归入硬毒品一类。） With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature. [2000 Passage 3]（然而，对于未来主义诗 歌而言，情况却很难说。因为无论未来主义诗歌什么样，即使承认其理论依据可能是正确的， 也很难将其归类于文学。 ） n [C] 种类： a rare class of butterflies（一类稀有的蝴蝶） It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.” [2010 Text 2]（它“有可能导致一整类商业方法专利被撤 销”。） 【常见义】n [C]阶级；班级；课

Question 34

cloak

Answer 34

cloak /klEUk/ v [T] 隐藏； 覆盖； 掩饰： She cloaked her embarrassment by rushing into speech. （她急忙开口说话， 以掩饰自己的尴尬。） Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” [2011 Text 2]（他没有用一些常见的模棱两可的借口掩饰自己的离开， 反而坦言离职是为了 “追求自己经营一家公司的目标”。） 【常见义】n [C]斗篷；披风

Question 35

cloud

Answer 35

cloud /klaUd/ v [T] 毁坏（某事物）； 威胁： I hope this disagreement won‟t cloud our friendship. （我希望这一分歧不会影响我们的友谊。） A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations. [2011 Text 2]（同时， 动荡的商业环境也使得高级经理人格外小心，避免让模糊不清的表态给自己的名誉蒙上阴 影。） 【常见义】n [C, U]云

Question 36

code

Answer 36

code /kEUd/ n [C] 行为准则；行为规范： The profession has a strict code of practice.（这一行有严格的行业守则。） The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. [2002 Text 4]（医学界正采取措施让年轻的医生在晚期病人疗养所接受培 训，检验各种 大胆的镇痛疗法方面的知识，为医院所提供的临终关怀制定医疗收费标准， 同时也为评估和 处理病人弥留之际的病痛建立新的标准。） Part of the problem is that the justices are not bound by an ethics code. [2012 Section I]（部分原因在于法官并不为道德规范所约束。） 【常见义】n [C, U]密码；代码

Question 37

comb

Answer 37

comb /kEUm/ v [T] 细查；搜寻： Police combed the area for the murder weapon.（警察在这个地 区仔细搜索凶器。）In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers‟stores in Athens, Greece. 19[2014 Part B]（世纪末期，英国考古学家亚瑟·埃文斯爵士逐一搜寻了希腊雅典的古玩店。） 【常见义】n [C]梳子

Question 38

community

Answer 38

community /kE5mju:nEtI/ n [CGp（] 由同宗教、同种族、同职业或其他共同特征的人组成的） 团体； 界：The police haven‟t really done anything for the black community in particular. （警方并没 有特别为黑人团体做什么。） On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. [2002 Text 4]（另一方面，许多医学界的人承认，协助病人自杀的争论之所以升温，部分原因是病人的绝望情绪。对他们来说，现代医 学只是延长了他们弥留之际肉体上的苦痛。） n [C] （生态）群落： communities of insectivorous birds（食虫鸟类群落）Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance. [2010 Part C]（然而，这些生物却是生物群落的成员，如果生物 群落的稳定性取决于其完整性，那么这些生物就有权继续生存下去。） 【常见义】n [C] 社会；社区

Question 39

company

Answer 39

company /5kQmpEnI/ n [U] 陪伴：I enjoy his company.（我喜欢和他在一起。）As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical. [2002 Section II]（正如前面所讲的，直到 19 世纪，报纸才继小册子和图书之后，与期刊一起，成 为电子时代到来之前的最重要的传播媒介。） 【常见义】n [C] 公司；商行

Question 40

conceive

Answer 40

conceive /kEn5si:v/ v [I, T] 怀孕；受孕：She was told she couldn't conceive. （她得知自己不能怀孕。）Soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania. [2007 Text 1]（酷爱足球运动的父母更有可能在春季怀孕，因为那是一年中足球狂 热的巅峰季节。） 【常见义】v [I, T]构思；想象

Question 41

constituent

Answer 41

constitutes /5kCnstItju:t/ v [T] 是；被算作：The rise in crime constitutes a threat to society.（犯罪率上升 是对社会的威胁。） A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. [2001 Passage 1（] 只要比 较一下过去 的一个半世纪里的英国地质学刊物就会发现，不仅仅是研究的首要地位越来越受到强调，而 且学术文章的发表标准也在发生改变。） 【常见义】 v [T]组成；构成

Question 42

contend

Answer 42

contend /kEn5tend/ v [T] 主张（某事物）； 争辩； 认为，声称： I would contend that unemployment is our most serious social evil.（我认为失业是我们社会最为严重的弊病 。 ） Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.” [2002 Text 4]（蒙特非奥尔医疗中心主任南希·道布 勒认为，这一原则将庇护那些医生——他们“直到现在还坚定地认为，如果加大剂量可能会 加速病人死亡，他们总不能给病人足够的药物来控制他们的痛 苦 。 ”） It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town‟s revenue because they spend the night（some of them four or five nights）pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. [2006 Text 2]（皇家莎士 比亚剧团声称，看戏的人为小镇带来了大量的收入， 因为他们在此过夜（有些甚至住四到五 个夜晚），把大把大把的钱花在酒店以及饭店中。 ） But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world. [2012 Text 1（] 但是蒂娜•罗森堡在其新书《加入俱乐部》中主张，通过她所说的社会治疗， 朋辈压力也可以成为一种积极的力量。在 社会治疗的过程中，各机构及官员运用群体动力来帮助个人改善生活，并有可能改变世界。） 【常见义】v [I, T]争斗；竞争

Question 43

coarse

Answer 43

course /kR:s/ n [S]（时间的）进程，过程：In the course of my long life I've known many changes.（我 在漫长的一生中饱经沧桑。）Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. [2005 Text 3]（并设想你期望的另一种结 局；下次再做类似的梦的时候，努力及时醒来以控制梦的进程。）His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. [2006 Part C]（他的职责与法官相似，必 须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展现引导自己作出决定的推理过程。）n [C]（船只或飞行器的）航向，航线：The course of the ship was due north.（这条船的航行方向是正北。） Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay. [2015 Part C] （有时候风暴使船只严重偏离航线，而风平浪静 又常常使他们陷入漫长得难以忍受的淹留之中。） 【常见义】n [C] 课程

Question 44

cover

Answer 44

cover /5kQvE(r)/ v [T] （新闻记者）报道： The BBC will cover all the major games of the tournament（. 英国广播公司将报道这次锦标赛的所有重要赛事。）In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. [2010 Text 1]（在那段遥远的岁月里，人们认为各大报纸的评论家应当对他们所报 道的事件予以详尽全面的描述。） 【常见义】v [T]覆盖；遮盖

Question 45

coverage

Answer 45

coverage /5kQvErIdV/ n [C, U] 新闻报道： media / newspaper / press coverage（媒体 / 报纸 / 报刊的报 道）Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. [2010 Text 1]（在过去的 25 年中，英文报纸发生的影响最为 深远的变化可能就是艺术报道的范围势不可挡的缩减和其严肃性的下降。） 【常见义】n [U]范围

Question 46

craft

Answer 46

craft /krB:ft/ v [T] 精心制作： He crafted the chair lovingly.（他精心制作了这把椅子。） To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students‟ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. [2014 Text 4]（为了激励创新和 竞争，该报告呼吁增加科研投入，精心设计条理清晰的课程，以提高学生在 21 世纪解决问题的能力和有效沟通的能力，呼吁增加对教师的投入，鼓励学者应用他们的研究来应对如今 的巨大挑战。 ） 【常见义】n [C]手艺，工艺

Question 47

critical

Answer 47

critical /5krItIkl/ adj 重要的；紧要的；关键性的： It is absolutely critical for us to know the truth. （我们知道真相是极其重要的。） “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. [2007 Text 2] （斯滕伯格在《智力测试有多准?》一文中指出，传统测试能够很好地评估分析能力和语言 能力，但无法衡量创造力和实践能力，而这些也是解决问题和获得成功的关键因素。） 【常见义】adj 批评的；非难的

Question 48

criticism

Answer 48

criticism /5krItIsIzEm/ n [C, U]（文学、艺术等的）评论：Literary and art criticism is a complex question which requires a great deal of special study.（文艺批评是一个复杂的问题，需要大量专门的研 究。）It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. [2010 Text 1]（对于 40 岁以下的普通读者而言，他们难以想象一个可以在大多数大城市的报 纸上读到高质量的艺术评论的时代。 ） 【常见义】n [U]批评；指责

Question 49

Crop

Answer 49

crop /krCp/ v [T] 收割；收获：the number of trout cropped each yea（r 每年鳟鱼的捕获量）That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. [2006 Text 3]（而发现这些变化很重要，因为理论表明一个渔场只有在目标捕捞物种的生物量保持在原 始基数的 50%左右时，才能获得最大可持续捕捞量。） 【常见义】n [C]庄稼；农作物

Question 50

cultivate

Answer 50

cultivate /5kQltIveIt/ v [T] 力求获得某人的友谊或支持：You must cultivate people who can help you in business.（你得结交在业务上对你有用的人。） They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power and have no need to cultivate political support. [2012 Section I]（法官被授予终身职位，这样他们可以无所顾虑地去触碰当权者， 同时无需寻求政 治支持。） 【常见义】v [T]培养；栽培

Question 51

curb

Answer 51

curb /k\:b/ n [C] 控制；约束： government curbs on spending（政府对开支的限制） Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. [2010 Text 2]（对商业方法专利申请的控制将是联邦巡回法院[对该类专利]态度的彻底转变，因为正是联邦巡回法院自身 在 1998 年所谓“道富银行案”的裁决中引入了这类专利，当时法院批准对某种共同投资资 产的管理方 法授予专利。 ）Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. [2013 Text 1]（尽管有些快速时装 消费品公司已经在为抑制对劳动力和环境的影响而努力，比如H&M 公司推出了“环保意识 时尚”系列，但克莱因认为，只有消费者才能带来持久的改变。） 【常见义】n [U]路缘

Question 52

deliver

Answer 52

deliver /dI5lIvE(r)/ v [T] 发表（正式讲话）： He will deliver a lecture on endangered species. （他将做 一个关于濒危物种的讲座。） Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. [2002 Text 1]（你可以轻松、自然地在谈话中 加进一些随意的、看似即兴的评论。 ） 【常见义】v [T]递送、传送（信件、包裹、货物等）

Question 53

discipline

Answer 53

discipline /5dIsIplIn/ n [C] 学科；教学科目： When did sociology emerge as a distinct discipline? （社会 学是何时成为独立学科的？）Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. [2003 Part C]（人类学是一门以实地研究为 导向的学科，它大量使用比较分析的方法。）The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. [2007 Part C] （几百年来， 法律研习在欧洲大学中一直被认为是一门基础的知识学科。） 【常见义】n [U] 纪律

Question 54

dismiss

Answer 54

dismiss /dIs5mIs/ v [T] 拒绝考虑；否认： He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic.（他只是笑了笑，认为我的建议不切实际，拒绝考虑。） Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. [2009 Text 1]（我们不必把自己看作一成不变的习惯性生物，相反，我们可以通 过有意识地培养新习惯来主动地作出改变。） 【常见义】v [T]开除；解雇

Question 55

dramatic

Answer 55

dramatic /drE5mAtIk/ adj 突然的；巨大的；令人吃惊的： The announcement had a dramatic effect on house prices.（这则公告对房屋价格产生了巨大影响。） The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more （ and more diverse） communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. [2011 Text 3]（同样剧烈的技术变革为营销人员提供了 更多的且不同的通讯选择，同时也增加了风险，因为情绪激动的消费者会以更快、 更明显 和更具破坏性的方式表达他们的意见。） 【常见义】adj 戏剧的

Question 56

dumb

Answer 56

dumb /dQm/ adj 愚蠢的：a dumb decision（愚蠢的决定）It‟s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. [2011 Text 4]（很难想象，很多人会愚蠢到仅仅因 为瑞茜和安吉丽娜使生育孩子看上去光鲜迷人就想要生孩子：多数成年人都明白， 养孩子可 不像剪头发那样简单。） 【常见义】adj 哑的

Question 57

embrace

Answer 57

embrace /Im5breIs/ v [T] 欣然接受（或支持）（某种信仰、理论、改变等）：Most countries have enthusiastically embraced the concept of high-speed railroads.（许多国家都已经热情高涨地接 受了高速铁路这一概念。 ） Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. [2010 Text 3]（营销人员支持“二级传播”理论，因为该理论表明只要他们能找到社 会中有影响力的人，并对其施加影响，那么这些挑选出来的人就可以为他们完成大部分的工 作。） 【常见义】v [T]拥抱

Question 58

end

Answer 58

end /end/ n [C] 目的；目标： She‟ll do anything to achieve her own ends.（她会全力以赴实现自己的目标。 ） “Our main end was to catch fish.” “我们主要是来这里捕鱼的。” [2009 Text 4] 【常见义】n [C]结束；终端 v [T]结束；终止

Question 59

exploit

Answer 59

exploit /Ik5splRIt/ v [T]（为获取利益而）利用：We need to exploit every opportunity for media coverage.（我们需要利用每一个媒体宣传的机会。）While traditional “paid” media—such as television commercials and print advertisements—still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. [2011 Text 3]（虽然传统的“付费”媒介——比如电视广告和平面广 告——仍然扮演着重要的角色，但如今企业还可以利用许多其他形式的媒介。） 【常见义】v [T]剥削

Question 60

fabricate

Answer 60

fabricate /5fAbrIkeIt/ v [T] 编造，虚构：fabricate an excuse（编造借口）The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well-studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. [2004 Part B（] 这些新 近被描述的语言往往与已经得到充分研究的欧洲语言及东南亚语言极其不 同，以至于有些学 者甚至指责博厄斯和萨皮尔伪造资料。） 【常见义】v [T]制作；创造

Question 61

fair

Answer 61

fair /feE/ n [C] 集市；庙会：Every autumn I go to the county fair.（每个秋季我都去县里的集市。）For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animal—no meat, no fur, no medicines. [2003 Text 2]（举例来说，在最近的一次街头集市上，一 位张罗了一个动物权利宣传摊的老太太在发小册子，鼓励人们不要使用来自动物或者在动物身上 做过实验的任何东西——不吃肉，不穿毛皮，也不吃药。） 【常见义】adj 公平的；公正的

Question 62

fashion

Answer 62

fashion /5fAFn/ v [T] 改革；改变： fashion the social institutions of the old（改变旧的社会习俗 ）Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones. [2013 Text 4]（而亚利桑那州试图改变州政策，欲与已存在的联邦法令并驾齐驱。）v [T] 形成；设计或制作某物： He fashioned a box from a few old pieces of wood. （他用几块旧木头做了个盒子。） There is no doubt that gardens evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge. [2013 Part C]（毫无疑问， 花园证实了一种不可遏制的想要创作、表达、设计和美化的强烈愿望，并印 证了自我表达是人类的基本需求。）If the Administration won‟t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. [2005 Text 2]（如果政府没有率 先立法，国会就应当帮助制定相应的保护措施。 ） 【常见义】n [C, U]风尚，时尚

Question 63

father

Answer 63

father /5fB:TE(r)/ v [T] 做„„的父亲；生养：He fathered three children（. 他有三个孩子。）They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. [2008 Text 4]（科 学家开始这方面的研究在一定程度上是由于在 1998 年获取的 DNA 证据，这些证据几乎毫 无疑问地表明托马斯•杰斐逊和自己的奴隶赛莉•海明斯至少生过一个孩子。） 【常见义】n [C]父亲

Question 64

feature

Answer 64

feature /5fi:tFE(r)/ n [C] （尤指报刊、节目的长篇）特写，特别报道： a special feature on children‟s reference books（一篇关于儿童参考读物的专题文章）As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. [2014 Text 3]（据《自然》杂志的一篇新闻专题文章论述，近年来有一系列为研究人员设立 的巨额奖项加入到诺贝尔奖的行列。 ）v [T] 以„„为特色；是„„的特征：The latest model features alloy wheels and an electronic alarm.（最新款的特色是合金车轮和电子报警器。） Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. [2006 Text 4]（杂志上总是刊登着笑容满面的名 人们以及住在漂亮房子里幸福美满的家庭。）v [T] 特写；突出表现：This month‟s magazine features the new James Bond on the front cover（. 本月杂志封面上有新的詹姆斯·邦德的特写。）Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands. [2011 Text 4]（实际上，每周 杂志上都至少有一位面带笑容的明星妈妈或者准妈妈的特写。） 【常见义】n [C]特点，特征

Question 65

feed

Answer 65

feed /fi:d/ v [T] 供给；供应：The public baths are fed by natural springs.（该公共浴池的水 来自天然泉水。）If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced. [2007 Text 1]（如果你再检查为世界杯和职业球队输送人才的欧洲国家青年队，你会发现这 个奇怪的现象更为明显。 ） 【常见义】v [T]喂养；饲养

Question 66

fertile

Answer 66

fertile /5f\:taIl/ ad（j 人、动植物）能受孕的；能生育的，有繁殖力的：Karen carefully calculated the period when she was most fertile.（卡伦仔细地计算了自己的最佳受孕期。）There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. [2000 Passage 2（] 还有另一种方式扼杀了人类自身的进化：寿命延长， 但却少生孩 子。现在没有几个人像过去的人那样具有旺盛的生育能力了。） 【常见义】 adj（土壤、土地）肥沃的

Question 67

fetch

Answer 67

fetch /fetF/ v [T] 售得；卖得：The land could fetch over a million pounds（. 这块地售价可超 过 100 万英镑。）These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch. [2010 Text 4]（这些准则规定， 银行必须以第三方愿意支付的价格评估资产，而不应以价格管理者们和监管机构期望售出的 价格来评估资产。） 【常见义】v [T]接来；取来

Question 68

field

Answer 68

field /fi:ld/ v [T] 回答： He fielded some awkward questions very skillfully.（他非常巧妙地回答了几个尴尬的问题。） So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, what‟s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? [2007 Text 2]（因此，当莎凡回答智商为 100 的普通人提出的 诸如“爱与喜欢有何区别？”或“运气和巧合的本质是什么？”这类问题时，人们不禁感到困 惑。） 【常见义】n [C]田地，牧场

Question 69

figure

Answer 69

figure /5fIgE/ n [C] 人物（尤其是著名人物） ：a famous historical figure（一位著名的历史人物）Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. [2005 Text 4] （美国人已经不再期待公众人物在演讲或写 作中运用 技巧和文 采来驾驭 英语了。 ）Among the commission‟s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism. [2014 Text 4]（该委员会的 51 名成员包括顶尖大学的校长、学者、律师、法官、企业家，以及来自外交、电影制片、 音乐和新闻领域的杰出代表。） 【常见义】n [C]数字

Question 70

fold

Answer 70

fold /fEUld/ v [I] 屈服；抵挡不住： a team that never folded under pressure（一支从不屈服于压力的队伍）The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. [2010 Text 4]（但该委员 会表示不愿在没有总体规划的情况下贸然行动，可是到今年稍晚些时候，当 IASB 完成自身 规则的改造时， 其屈服的压力将会很大。） 【常见义】v [T]折叠

Question 71

forge

Answer 71

forge /fR:dV/ v [T] 形成，建立（关系）： The two women forged a close bond.（两位女士形成 紧密同盟。） On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. [2007 Part C]（另一方面，它把这些概念同日常生活联系起来，其方式与新闻记者每天报道 和评论新闻时的做法是一样的。） 【常见义】v [T]锻造；打铁

Question 72

fortune

Answer 72

fortune /5fR:tFu:n/ n [C] 财产：She pursued her fortune in another country.（她到他乡寻求她的财富。） Consumers say they‟re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. [2004 Text 3]（消费者说，尽管报纸的头条新闻很吓人， 他们并不感到绝 望，因为他们对自己的财富状况仍然感觉良好。）But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner. [2007 Text 3] （但是今天，家庭收入的减少再也不能靠以前待在家里的伴侣出去赚取额外收入而得到弥 补。） 【常见义】n [U]运气；机会

Question 73

frame

Answer 73

frame /freIm/ n [C] 身体；体形： She has quite a small frame.（她身材很瘦小。 ） The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames. [2008 Text 3]（近年来， 那些从事重要体育项目的职业运动员的身体发生了巨大变化，俱乐部的经理们也非常乐意调整队服的尺寸以适应不断增多的越来越大、越来越高的 身 躯。） 【常见义】n [C]构架

Question 74

fuel

Answer 74

fuel /5fju:El/ v [T] 维持；煽动（激烈的情感或活动） ： His resignation fuelled speculation of an imminent cabinet reshuffle（. 他的辞职激起了人们对内阁将随之重组的猜测。）On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. [2002 Text 4]（另一方面，许多医学界的人承认，协助病人自杀的争论之所以 升温，部分原因是病人的绝望情绪。对他们来说，现代医学只是延长了他们弥留之际肉体上的苦痛。） 【常见义】n [C, U]燃料

Question 75

game

Answer 75

game /geIm/ n [U] 野禽；猎物： game birds（供猎捕的鸟） The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. [2006 Text 3]（这些生长缓慢的大型动物 很容易被猎杀， 所以很快就被猎杀殆尽。） 【常见义】n [C]游戏；运动

Question 76

gift

Answer 76

gift /gIft/ n [C] 天赋；禀赋；才能： He has a gift for languages.（他有语言天赋。） “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote,“that I am tempted to define „journalism‟ as „a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.‟” [2010 Text 1]（“拥有足够的智力或文学天赋来坚 持新闻写作的作家是如此之少，”纽曼写道，“以致我忍不住把„新闻业‟定义为 „不受读者欢迎 的作家对那些广受欢迎的作家的轻蔑之辞‟。” ） 【常见义】n [C]礼物

Question 77

grasp

Answer 77

grasp /grB:sp/ v [T] 全面理解（某事）；全面领会： I hadn‟t really grasped what they were talking about.（我没有真正明白他们在谈论什么。） Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines. [2004 Text 4]（智力寻求的是领会、操控、重新安排和调整，而智慧旨在审视、思考、怀疑、推理、 批判和想象。 ） It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself. [2014 Part C] （这也解释了为何当 我们力图用语言描述音乐时只能说清对它的感受，而无法领会音乐本身。） 【常见义】v [T]抓住；把握

Question 78

ground

Answer 78

ground /graUnd/ n [C esp pl]说、做或相信某事的原因或理由：They had no grounds to arrest him.（他们没有理由逮捕他。）Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone‟s cost. [2003 Text 3] (铁路公司认为对“受制约 的”托运商实行差别收费是合理的，理由是从长远来看，所有人的成本都会减少。)But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America. [2014 Text 2] (然而，没 有哪一个国家的客户能比美国人更有理由抱怨。) 【常见义】n [U]土地 n [S]地面

Question 79

guide

Answer 79

guide /gaId/ n [C] 有指导意义的事物；准则： As a rough guide, allow half a cup of rice per person.（大致定个标准，就是每人半杯米。）The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. [2011 Text 3]（过去，市场营销成功的大致准则就是一分钱一分 货。） 【常见义】v [T]引导；指导

Question 80

handsome

Answer 80

handsome /5hAnsEm/ adj 相当大的；可观的： a handsome reward（一笔可观的报酬） The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. [2008 Text 2]（这份由澳大利亚 维多利亚大学的约翰•霍顿和经合组织的格雷姆•维克利合作撰写的报告让那些迄今一直获 利丰厚的出版商读起来心情沉重。） 【常见义】adj 英俊的handsome

Question 81

harness

Answer 81

harness /5hB:nIs/ v [T] 统治；管理；支配：If you can harness your energy, you will accomplish a great deal.（如果你能控制你的精力，你将获得巨大成功。）And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. [2005 Text 3]（其中一位重要的权威人士表示， 梦这种极为强烈的精神活动不仅能被控制，事实上还能被人类有意识地控制，以使我们睡得 更好，感觉更好。） 【常见义】v [T]给（马等）上挽具；套（马等）

Question 82

hawk

Answer 82

hawk /hR:k/ v [T] 叫卖；兜售： Street traders were hawking costume jewellery.（街头小贩正在 叫卖不值钱的仿造珠宝。 ） “There‟s a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Troy Duster, a New York University sociologist. [2009 Text 2]（纽约大学的社会学家特洛伊·迪斯特说： “那些声称可以提供血统鉴定的人在兜售虚假 的准确度”。 ） 【常见义】n [C]鹰；隼

Question 83

hijack

Answer 83

hijack /5haIdVAk/ v [T]把持，控制，使用（本不属于自己的东西）： Environmentalists were accused of hijacking the rally to promote their own aims.（环境保护主义者被指控通过操纵这一集会来促进自身目标的实现。）Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.[2011 Text 3]（例如， 社交网络的用户正认识到，他们可以通过控制媒介来对最初创建这些媒介的企业施压。） 【常见义】v [T]劫持（飞机或车辆）

Question 84

hit

Answer 84

hit /hIt/ v [T] 达到（某事物）；至： The yen hit a record high in trading today.（在今日的 交易中，日元升值到了历史新高。）As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. [2014 Section I]（许多人一步 入中年，往往就开始注意到他们的记忆力没有以前好了，头脑也不如以前清晰了。） 【常见义】v [T]打击；撞击

Question 85

hold

Answer 85

hold /hEUld/ v [T] 持有；怀有（观点或信念）： Experts hold varying opinions as to the causes of the disease.（专家们对该病的起因各持己见。） Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect,” a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. [2002 Text 4]（虽然裁决规定，宪法没有赋予医生协助病人自杀的权力，但最高法院 实际上还是支持“双重效应 ”的医学原则的。这个延续了数百年的道德原则认为：当某个行 为可能出现两种结果时——一个是希望达到的好的结果， 另一个是可以预见到的坏的结果 ——如果行为的执行者期待的只是好的结果，那么这个行为是被允许的。） On the overturned provisions the majority held the Congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal‟s privileged powers. [2013 Text 4]（在被推翻的条款中，大多数法官 认为国会早已有意“占领了这块领地”，因此亚利桑那州侵犯了联邦政府享有的特权。 ） 【常见义】v [T]握住；拿住

Question 86

honor

Answer 86

honor /5CnE(r)/ v [T] 给„„以荣誉；向„„表示尊敬： We are here today to honor the men and women who gave their lives for their country（. 今天我们在此向那些为祖国献出生命的人们表 示敬意。 He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. [2010 Text 1]（他于 1967 年被授予爵士称号，是第一个获此殊荣的音乐评论家。 ） 【常见义】n [U]尊敬； 荣誉

Question 87

immune

Answer 87

immune /I5mju:n/ adj 不受某事物影响；不易感受某事物：immune to criticism（不为批评所动摇）Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation‟s assimilative power. ” [2006 Text 1]（罗德里格斯指出， 全世界偏远山村的孩子们都是像阿诺·施瓦辛格与加思·布鲁克斯 这样的超级巨星的影迷或歌迷， 然而“一些美国人却担心， 居住在美国境内的许多移民不 知为何仍对这个国家的同化有免疫力”。） 【常见义】adj 有免疫力（因接种疫苗或自发的）

Question 88

inform

Answer 88

inform /In5fR:m/ v [T] 影响（某人的态度或观点）： Her experience as a refugee informed the content of her latest novel.（她的难民经历影响了她最新推出的小说的内容。） Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. [2015 Part B]（最理想的是，不同阅读方式互相影响，彼此作为有用的参照，或 相互制约。） 【常见义】v [T]通知

Question 89

interest

Answer 89

interest /5IntrEst/ n [U]利息：pay interest on a capital sum（付一笔资金的利息）Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low rate of interest, but loans of this kind are not frequently obtainable. [2000 Part II] 当然，他想要设法获得低利率贷款，但这种贷款不是经常能借到的。 n [C uss pl] 好处；利益：It is in your best interest to cooperate.（合作对你最有利。） As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access—after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. [2001 Passage 2] （随着互联网日益商业化，普及上网符合商家利益——因为，上网的人越 多，潜在客户就越多。）For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. [2007 Part C] （比如，有关证据和事实、基本权利和公众利益这样的概念在新闻判断和新闻 制作过程中所起的作用就像在法庭上一样。） 【常见义】n [U, sing]兴趣

Question 90

juggle

Answer 90

juggle /5dVQgl/ v [I, T]（尤指吃力地）同时应付（几份工作、多项活动等）：It‟s hard trying to juggle a job with kids and the housework.（既要上班，又要带孩子、做家务，实在是太辛苦了。）I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. [2001 Passage 5]（我发现，放弃“为生活打拼”的信条转向“低 速生活”，会带来远比经济成功和社会地位更为丰厚的回报（凯尔西因不堪不断增加的压力 辞去了《她》杂志编辑的职务——这件事曾被广泛报道），此后，她或许会与我 有同样的发 现。） 【常见义】v [I, T]玩杂耍

Question 91

ladder

Answer 91

ladder /5lAdE(r) / n [C]（事业等发迹、进身、晋升等的）阶梯，途径，门路：He is still on the bottom rung of the political ladder. （他尚处于政治阶梯的最低一级。） The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan‟s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. [2000 Passage 4]（战 后生育高峰 期出生的一代人进入成年以及女性进入男性主宰的就业市场，这些都限制了 青少年的发展机 遇。这些青少年已经开始质疑，为进所好学校、找份好工作而攀登日本残酷的社会阶梯所付 出的巨大代价，是否真的值得。） 【常见义】n [C]梯子

Question 92

lame

Answer 92

lame /leɪm/ adj 无说服力的；蹩脚的： Sleeping too long is a lame excuse for being late.（睡得过久而迟到,这个借口站不住脚。）They should start by discarding California‟s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone—a vast storehouse of digital information—is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect‟s purse. [2015 Text 2]（智能手机是一个庞大的数字信息储存库， 而加州论称，翻查嫌犯的智能手机如同翻查他们的钱包，法官们首先要做的就是摒弃这个毫 无说服力的论述。） 【常见义】adj 瘸的；跛的

Question 93

launch

Answer 93

launch /lR:ntF/ v [T] 使（某人、某事物）行动；使开始：The company is launching a new model next month.（这家公司下个月将推出新型号产品。） People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption”launched by the 19th century department stores that offered ast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. [2006 Text 1]（人们沉迷于由 19 世纪百货商店所创造的“消费文化” 中， 这类商店“在一种优雅的环境中供应琳琅满目的商品”。） 【常见义】v [T]使（新船） 初次下水

Question 94

league

Answer 94

league /li:g/ n [C] 里格（旧时长度单位，约 3 英里或 4.8 公里） ： Said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” （一位事件记录者 说道：“百里之外传来的气息犹如鲜花初放的花园那样芬芳迷人。”） 【常见义】n [C]联盟

Question 95

lean

Answer 95

lean /li:n/ adj （行业、 公司）高效精干的： Staff were pruned, ostensibly to produce a leaner and fitter organization.（裁员表面上是让公司更有效率，更健康。） Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. [2003 Text 1]（在奥斯汀，弗里德曼依靠一个只有 20 名员工的精干团队。） 【常见义】adj（指人或动物）瘦的

Question 96

line

Answer 96

line /lain/ n [C] 行业；行当：the stresses unique to their line of work（他们这一行业所特有 的压 力 ）Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. [2004 Text 1]（有的 人用它来密切关注对于本行业的市场需求或搜集有关薪水的信息以备加薪谈判时胸有成竹。） n [sing] （产品的）类型，种别： This shop has a nice line in winter coats.（这家 商店的冬装大衣很好。） Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. [2013 Text 1]（尽管有些 快速时装消费品公司已经在为抑制对劳动力和环境的影响而努力，比如 H&M 公司推出了 “环保意识时尚”系列，但克莱因认为，只有消费者才能带来持久的改变。） 【常见义】n [C]线条；线

Question 97

live

Answer 97

live /laIv/ adj（音乐表演）现场的： There is traditional live music played most nights.（大 多数夜晚都有现场音乐表演。）Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. [2011 Text 1]（那些忠实的音乐会观众反驳说现场演 出绝非唱片所能替代， 但是他们没有看到问题的实质。） 【常见义】v [I]活；生存； 居住

Question 98

lobby

Answer 98

lobby /5lCbi/ v [I, T] 游说： lobby for stronger environmental safeguards（为加强环境保护而游 说）Unfortunately, banks‟ lobbying now seems to be working. [2010 Text 4]（令人遗憾的是，银行的游说如今似乎已经产生了作用。）n [C] 游说团体：a powerful anti-smoking lobby （声势浩大的反吸烟团体）That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? [2005 Text 2（] 还记得他们坚持认为反吸烟游说团 体是在破坏我们的生活方式，而 政府应当置身事外的那些年吗？）【常见义】n [C]门厅， 前厅

Question 99

loom

Answer 99

loom /lu:m/ v [I（] 问题或困难）逼近，临近：An economic crisis is looming on the horizon.（经 济危机正在逼近。） My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. [2001 Passage 2]（我和我的妻子二十年前就对这种即将来临的危险做过演讲。） 【常见义】n [C] 织布机

Question 100

lot

Answer 100

lot /lCt/ n [C] 命运（一般用单数形式）： schemes to improve the lot of the disadvantaged （改善弱势群体命运的方案） But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come. [2013 Text 3]（但是我们目前已经掌握了足够多的知识来减少许多曾威胁过早期人类生存的 风险，以及改善后人的命运。） 【常见义】pron 大量，许多

Question 101

margin

Answer 101

margin /5mB:dVIn/ n [C] 利润： We‟re working to rather tight profit margins.（我们只要求能获得薄 利。） Wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often. [2010 Part B]（随着越来越多的欧洲人更加频繁地外出就餐， 食品服务业的批 发需求也迅速增长。） 【常见义】n [C]边缘；边界；空白页边

Question 102

might

Answer 102

might /maIt/ n [U] 力量；威力： We fear the military might of the enemy.（我们惧怕敌人强大的军 事力量。） The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. [2001 Passage 4]（这股浪潮从异常活跃的美国席卷到欧洲， 并以无与伦比的威力波及到新兴国家。） 【常见义】v [aux]可能

Question 103

model

Answer 103

model /5mCdl/ v [T] 以某人/某事物作榜样；仿效：The design of the building is modelled on classical Greek forms. （那建筑物的设计是模仿希腊的古典形式。） What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain‟s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. [2002 Text 2] （在试图模拟人类思维的过程中，研究人员发现，人脑中约有一千亿个神经细胞远比以前想象的 更聪明，人类的感知方式也远比想象中更复杂。）This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.” [2015 Text 3] （这种影响不仅体现在《科学》杂志上发表的论文上，而且有希望影响到更多想要效仿《科学》杂志做法的其他出版机构。） 【常见义】n [C] 模型

Question 104

modest

Answer 104

modest /5mCdIst/ adj （数量、体积等）不大的，适度的：live on a modest income （靠不高的收入 生活）Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy‟s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening. [2004 Text 3]（消费者似乎只是有些担心，还没有恐慌，并且很多人还说就在他们稍稍勒紧腰带 的时候，他们对经济的长远前景还是乐观的。） Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous. [2012 Text 4]（一些政治家再三“变相地提高”公共部门工 资协议中承诺的薪酬待遇——薪资增长的幅度不大，但增加了假期， 尤其是增加了本已非常 丰厚的养老金。） 【常见义】adj 谦逊的；质朴的

Question 105

monitor

Answer 105

monitor /5mCnItE(r)/ n [C] 监测器；监视器：a monitor for radioactivity（放射量探测器）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. [2001 Section IV]（届时，将会出现由机器人主持的电视访谈节目， 及装有 污染监测器的汽车，一旦汽车污染超标，监测器就会使其停驶。） 【常见义】n [C] 班长

Question 106

move

Answer 106

move /mu:v/ n [C] 措施；行动： Abolishing the tax altogether would be a bold move.（完全废除该税收将会是一项大胆的举措。）In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. [2010 Text 2]（联邦巡回上诉法院宣布将利用某一特定案例， 展开对商业方法专利的广泛复审，这一举措引起了专利律师们的纷纷议论。）It‟s a stunning move. [2012 Text 2]（安特吉公司的这一举动令人震惊。） 【常见义】v [I]移动；搬迁

Question 107

movement

Answer 107

movement /5mu:vmEnt/ n [C] （音）乐章：a symphony in four movements （一首四乐章的交响 曲 ）It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. [2014 Part C] （《葬礼进行曲》不是《英雄 交响曲》的最后乐章而是第二乐章，这并非偶然，这样一来，痛苦就不会是最终结局。） n [CGp, C] （在政治、社会或艺术等方面持共同见解的）运动： a movement toward world peace（争取世界和平运动） When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. [2000 Passage 3] （当一场新的艺术运动成为某种潮流时， 我们应弄清楚其倡导者的目 的所在。因为无论他们的准则现在看来是多么的牵强附会， 不合情理，在将来都有可能被视为正 常的事物。） Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. [2003 Text 2]（因为生物医学研究依赖于公共资金，而很少有人了解医疗卫生的研究过程，所以动物权 利运动的领导人将矛头指向了生物医学研究。） 【常见义】n [C, U] 移动；运动；活动

Question 108

name

Answer 108

name /neIm/ v [T]提名某人或指定某人任一职务：She has been named as the new director.（她已 被任命为新董事。） Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29. [2011 Text 2] （在离职还不到两周的时间，他就与哈特福德金融服务集团董事会进行了首次会谈，9 月 29 日，该公司任命他为首席执行官兼董事长。） 【常见义】n [C] 名字；名称

Question 109

nature

Answer 109

nature /5neItFE/ n [U] 本质，实质；特性：It‟s her duty to help them to realize the nature of their problems.（帮助他们认识他们问题本质是她的职责。）Regrettably, however, the report‟s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good. [2014 Text 4] （然而，令人遗憾的是，该报告未能指出文科教育面临的危机的实质， 故其带 来的弊大于利。）So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, what‟s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? [2007 Text 2]（因此，当莎凡回答智商为 100 的普通人提出的诸如“爱与 喜欢有何区别？”或“运气和巧合的本质是什么？”这类问题时，人们不禁感到困惑。 ） 【常见义】n [Mass] 大自然，自然界

Question 110

note

Answer 110

note /nEUt/ v [T] 特别提到；指出： The judge noted that Miller had no previous criminal record.（法官指出米勒没有前科。）Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation‟s assimilative power. ” [2006 Text 1]（罗德里格斯指出， 全世界偏远山村的孩子们都 是像阿 诺·施瓦辛格与加思·布鲁克斯这样的超级巨星的影迷或歌迷， 然而“一些美国人却 担心， 居 住在美国境内的许多移民不知为何仍对这个国家的同化有免疫力”。） He notes that each individual has many ancestors—numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. [2009 Text 2]（他指出每个人都有许多祖先——仅上溯几百年，祖先的数目就可达数百位。） 【常见义】n [C]笔记；摘记 v [T]记下

Question 111

novel

Answer 111

novel /5nCvl/ adj 新奇的；新颖的；新的： a novel idea, fashion, design, experience（新的观念、 风尚、设计、经验） Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated. [2012 Text 3]（有时候，真正新的发现声明需要数年才能被接受和重 视 。 ） He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact.[2015 Text 3]（他之所以同意加入是因为他“看到了成立这个委员会是一种先见之明，它前所未有而又别具一格，很有可能产生深远的影响。） 【常见义】n [C]小说

Question 112

objective

Answer 112

objective /Eb5dVektIv/ n [C]目标；目的：Everest is the climber's next objective.（埃佛勒斯峰是这个登山 者的下一个目标。） In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. [2005 Part C] 为达到 这些目标，我们必须更加关注联合制作、新闻交流、文献服务和培训。 【常见义】adj 客观的

Question 113

obscure

Answer 113

obscure /Eb5skjUE(r)/ v [T] 使„„不分明，使含糊；遮掩，隐藏：These figures obscure the fact that a lot of older people live in great poverty.（这些数字掩盖了许多老人生活在极度贫困中这一事 实。）The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. [2008 Text 3]（然而，体育界的这一趋势或许掩盖了一个不为人知 的事实：美国人的身高总体上已经停止了增长。 ） Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate. [2014 Text 4]（然而其报告却没有弄清国会要求其阐明的问题的深度和广度，很可能会阻碍改革的步伐。） 【常见义】adj 黑暗的，光线不足的

Question 114

observe

Answer 114

observe /Eb5z\:v/ v [T] 评 论 ； 说 ： In his book he observes that the President was an able diplomat.（在 书中他评述说总统是个外交能手。） “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men‟s,” she observes, “it‟s just that they‟re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.” [2008 Text 1]（她指出：“她们承受压力的能 力甚至可能比男性更强，只是她们要处理的事情更多，因此她们的疲态出现得更早、更明显。 ”） 【常见义】v [T]注意，察觉；观察

Question 115

panel

Answer 115

panel /5pAnl/ n [C] 评判小组；专业讨论小组： a panel of judges（评审团） The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth‟s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. [2005 Text 2（] 最近 的行动是由白宫召集的来自国家科学院的专家组告诉人们，地球气候的确在变暖， 而这一问 题在很大程度上是由人类造成的。） 【常见义】n [C]镶板；嵌板；仪表板

Question 116

parallel

Answer 116

parallel /5pArElel/ adj 相似的；相同的；对等的：A close parallel to this behaviour is found in dolphins.（在海豚身上发现了与此极为相似的行为。）On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. [2007 Part C]（另一方面，它把这些概念同日常生活联系起来，其 方式与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法是一样的。）A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. [2010 Part C]（肉食哺乳动物和捕食鱼的鸟类也存在类似的情形。）n [C, U]极相似的人、情况、事情：a career without parallel in modern times（当代 无匹的业迹）There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. [2005 Text 2] （就在科学家们前仆后继，试 图使人们意识到全球气候变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁时，类似的令人担忧的情况又出现了。） 【常见义】adj 平行的

Question 117

physical

Answer 117

physical /5fIzIkl/ adj 身体的： The ordeal has affected both her mental and physical health.（痛苦的 经历损害了她的身心健康。） Strangely, it has involved little physical change. [2000 Passage 2] （奇怪的是，这一过程几乎没有涉及任何身体上的变化。） 【常见义】adj 物理的；物理学的

Question 118

plain

Answer 118

plain /pleIn/ adv [用于强调] 绝对地；简直： That is just plain stupid.（那简直是愚不可及。） Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. [2002 Text 2（] 自从拥有创 造力 之初，人类已设计出了越来越巧妙的工具，以应付那些危险、乏味、繁重或简直是让人讨厌 的工作。） 【常见义】adj 【常见义】n [C]平原 adj 清楚的；明白的

Question 119

plant

Answer 119

plant /plB:nt/ n [C] 工厂： a nuclear / chemical plant（核电厂 / 化工厂） In 1924 America‟s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. [2010 Section I]（1924 年，美国国家研究委员会派出两名工程师到芝加哥附近的霍桑电话机配件厂指导一系列实验研究。） 【常见义】n [C]植物

Question 120

policy

Answer 120

policy /5pClEsI/ n [C] 保险单：a fire-insurance policy（火灾保险单）With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now. [2005 Text 2] （风险日渐清晰， 步步逼近，一个谨慎的民族现在应该准备一份保单了。 ） 【常见义】n [C, U]方针； 政策

Question 121

pool

Answer 121

pool /pu:l/ v [T]（多人或组织）把（钱或其他资金）集中共用：They entered a contract to pool any gains and invest them profitably.（他们签了一个合同，将赢利集中起来并进行赢利性投资。） Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution. [2005 Part B]（所有省份资源共享，与渥太华合作创建一个国家机构，改变目前每个省都有各自的获批药物清单、机构、程序以及有限的议价能力的局面。） Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. [2010 Text 2]（对商业方法专利申请 的控制将是联邦巡回法院对该类专利态度的彻底转变，因为正是联邦巡回法院自身在 1998 年所谓“道富银行案”的裁决中引入了这类专利，当时法院批准对某种共同投资资产的管理方 法授予专利。 ） 【常见义】n [C] 水塘；游泳池

Question 122

pose

Answer 122

pose /pEUz/ v [T] 引起；造成；提出： Heavy traffic poses a problem in many old towns.（交通 拥挤是许多老城镇的难题。）But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. [2002 Text 2（] 但是如果想要机器人 达到发挥节约 人力作用的更高阶段，它们必须能在更少的人力监控下进行工作，并且至少具备独立做出一 些决定的能力——这些目标才是真正的挑战。）【常见义】n [C]姿势； 姿态

Question 123

post

Answer 123

post /pEUst/ n [C]职位；工作：He was appointed to the post of general manager.（他获任命为总 经理。） In recent weeks the No. 2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. [2011 Text 2]（在最近几个星期，雅芳以及美国运通公司的二把手们纷纷以期望找到首席执行官的职位为由辞职。） Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. [2011 Part B]（同样不足为奇的是，得到博士学位的人中，最 后只有半数的人能够获得他们进入研究生院心有所图的教授职位。职位确实是太少了。） 【常见义】n [U]邮政；邮递 v [T]投递；邮寄

Question 124

press

Answer 124

press /pres/ n [U] 报界；新闻界： The Press; were not allowed to attend the trial.（新闻界人士不得出庭旁听。） In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press;, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins. [2001 Section II]（为了大力加强对报界的法律控制，大法官欧文勋爵将提交一份草 案，提出 向证人付费将被视为非法，并且严格控制开庭前对案情的公开程度。） 【常见 义】n [S]按；压；挤 v [T] 挤压

Question 125

prime

Answer 125

prime /praIm/ n [U] 全盛时期；盛年： When is a man in his prime?（一个人的盛年在什么时候 ?） When Hoffa‟s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. [2012 Text 4]（1960 年，霍法领导的国际卡车司机 兄弟会正处于全盛时期，当时只有 10%的美国政府员工是工会成员，而现在达到 36%。） 【常见义】adj 主要的；基本的

Question 126

principal

Answer 126

principal /5prInsEpl/ adj 重要的，主要的；首要的：The Danube is one of the principal rivers of Europe.（多瑙河是欧洲的主要河流之一。）They found that the principal requirement for what is called “global cascades”—the widespread propagation of influence through networks—is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people. [2010 Text 3]（他们发现，要实现所谓的“全球传播”——社交网络中影响的广泛传播，最关键的条 件不是少数有影响力人士的存在，而是大量易受影响人群的广泛参与。） The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. [2015 Part C]（美国是两种主要力量结合的产物：一个是思想、习俗和 民族特征各不相 同的欧洲移民，另一个是这个新国家在融合上述特征之后所带来的影响。） 【常见义】n [C]校长；院长

Question 127

pursuit

Answer 127

pursuit /pE5sju:t/ n [C] 职业；事业： She has time now to follow her various artistic pursuits. （她现在 有时间从事各种艺术活动了。）Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. [2007 Text 1]（于是， 埃里克森和他的 同事开始研究包括足球运动员在内的各行各业的优秀人才。 ） 【常见义】n [U]追求；寻求

Question 128

put

Answer 128

put /pUt/ v [T] 表达；陈述：I put my objections bluntly（. 我直率地表明了我的反对意见。）As Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, puts it, “There has to be coordination of programs. What we need is a package deal.” [2006 Section I] （正 如马萨诸塞州本特利学院社区服务部主任爱德华·兹洛特科瓦斯基所说：“各种规划必须协 调进行。我们所需要的是一揽子计划。” ） Or, put another way, expert performers—whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming—are nearly always made, not born. [2007 Text 1]（或者，换种说法，优秀人才——无论是在记忆方面还是外科手术方面，在芭蕾舞 方面还是计算机编程方面——几乎都是后天培养的，而非天生的。） adj 固定的；不变的：stay put（留在原处不动）John Donahue at Harvard‟s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. [2012 Text 4] （哈佛大学肯尼迪学院的约翰·多纳休指出， 西方公务 员制度中的文化模式只适合那些追求安稳、不求上进的人，然而对于那些成绩显著的人来说 是十分不利的。） 【常见义】v [T]放置；使处于

Question 129

quarter

Answer 129

quarter /5kwR:tE(r)/ n [C] （通常用复数）人；人群： Concern has been expressed in some quarters about this policy（. 有些人已经表达了对这项政策的关注。）Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it‟s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. [2005 Text 2]（就像吸烟问题一样，来自各方的声音仍坚持认为，目前关于全球气候变暖的科学研究还不完善，因此，在我们得以证 实之前，可以继续向大气中排放废气。）n [C] 季度：Our gas bill for last quarter was unusually high.（我们上季度的煤气 费异常高。） In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. [2011 Text 2]（利伯伦研 究公司的数据显示，由于忧心忡忡的董事会紧紧依靠着公司现有的领导，第三季度首席执行 官更换率与一年前相比下降了23%。 ） 【常见义】n [C]四分之一；四等分

Question 130

question

Answer 130

question /5kwestFEn/ v [T] （对某事物）表示或感到怀疑： Her sincerity has never been questioned.（她 的诚意从未受到怀疑。）The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan‟s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. [2000 Passage 4]（战后生育高峰期出生的一代人进入 成年以及女性进入男性 主宰的就业市场，这些都限制了青少年的发展机遇。这些青少年 已经开始质疑，为进所好学 校、找份好工作而攀登日本残酷的社会阶梯所付出的巨大代价，是否真的值得。） 【常见义】n [C]问题

Question 131

quiet

Answer 131

quiet /5kwaIEt/ v [I, T] 变安静： The child wouldn‟t quiet down for me.（这孩子不肯为我安静下 来。）In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. [2004 Text 3]（在旧金山，疯狂的高价抢购现象虽然已经平息，房价仍然在上涨。） 【常见义】adj 安静的

Question 132

raise

Answer 132

raise /reIz/ v [T] 养育： I was raised by my aunt on a farm.（我是在农场由姨妈抚养大的。）Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.” [2011 Text 4]（尽管抚养孩子的日常生活令人心力交瘁，珍妮弗·西尼尔写道： “正是此时此刻这些令我们心情沮丧的事情，日后才成为幸福和喜悦的来源”。） 【常见义】v [T]举起；升起；抬起

Question 133

rear

Answer 133

rear /rIE(r)/ v [T] 养育；抚养： It‟s a good place to rear young children.（这是个抚养小孩的好 地方。）It‟s no surprise that Jennifer Senior‟s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I Love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter—nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. [2011 Text 4（] 珍妮弗·西尼尔撰写的见解独到并富于煽动性的杂志 封面故事《我 爱我的孩子们，我讨厌我的生活》引起人们纷纷议论，这并不让人觉得意外。） 【常见义】n [S]后面；背后

Question 134

reason

Answer 134

reason /5ri:zn/ v [I, T] 思考；推断：He reasoned that if we started at dawn, we would be there by noon. （他推断，我们要是黎明出发，中午就能到。） He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. [2004 Part B]（他推理说，在某种特定的语言中， 更容易 形成某些特定的概念，所以该语言的使用者便只会顺着一种特有的思路来思考问题。） 【常见义】n [C, U]原因；理由

Question 135

reflect

Answer 135

reflect /rI5flekt/ v [I] 深思，反省：He reflected with sadness on the unhappiness of his marriage. （他 忧伤地反思自己不幸的婚姻。）McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. [2011 Text 2]（麦吉说在没有找到新的工作 之前就辞职，给了他时间思考自己想经营什么样的公司。）【常见义】v [T]反射； 反映

Question 136

respect

Answer 136

respect /rI5spekt/ n [C] 方面；着眼点：In many respects this is an important decision.（这在许多方面 都是一项重要的决定。） Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. [2008 Part C]（在 生命的最后一年里，他在著述中表示，在过去的二三十年间，他的思想在两三个方面发生了 变化。） 【常见义】n [U] 尊敬；敬重

Question 137

rest

Answer 137

rest /rest/ v [I] 依靠或依赖：That argument rests on a false assumption.（那个论点是基于错误的前提。） But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. [2007 Part C] （但是，新闻记者必须比普通公民更深刻地理 解法律，这种观点是基于对新闻媒体既有惯例和特殊责任的理解。） v [I]在于，归属 于：The final decision rests with the chairperson（. 由主席做最后决 定。）Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal. [2008 Text 2] （论文的版权归期刊出版商所有， 其他想要了解研究成果的研究人员只能订阅该期刊。） 【常见义】n [C, U]休息 v [I] 休息

Question 138

return

Answer 138

return /rI5t\:n/ n [C, U] 收益；利润： The return on the money we invested was very low.（我们 投资获得的收益很低。）The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. [2008 Text 2]（知识的价值和 公众投资在科研领域中的回报在一定程度上依赖于知识和科研成果的广泛传播和方便获取。） 【常见义】n [C, U]归还 n [S]返回 v [I]返回 v [T]归还

Question 139

review

Answer 139

review /rI5vju:/ v [T]回顾：review one‟s progress（回顾自己的进程）Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. [2007 Part B]（首先，定期同孩子一起回顾他 显露的优点和缺点，然后共同克服不足之处，比如不善于有效沟通或合作。） v [T]检查，审查，评估：The Home Secretary was called on to review Britain‟s gun laws.（内政大臣被要求审查英国的枪支法。）But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company‟s application, it should keep in mind what promises from Entergy are worth. [2012 Text 2] （但当美国核能管理委员会审核该公司的申请时，会考量安特吉公司的承诺有 多少可信度。 ）They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. [2014 Text 3]（它们 可能会使同行评审研究的现状停滞不前。）n [C, U] 审查，评估：All areas of the company will come under review.（公司的 各种活动都将受到审查。 ） In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. [2010 Text 2] （联邦巡回上诉法院宣布将利用某一特定案例，展开对 商业方法专利的广泛复审，这一 举措引起了专利律师们的纷纷议论。）n [C（] 对书籍、电影等的）评论：The play got splendid reviews.（该剧受到高 度的评价。）Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. [2010 Text 1]（然而，在 20 世纪 出版的大量最重要的评论文集中，很大一部分都是报纸评论。） 【常见义】v [T]复习；检查 n [C] 温习

Question 140

rocket

Answer 140

rocket /5rCkIt/ v [I] 迅速增加；飞涨：Unemployment levels have rocketed to new heights.（失业 率猛然上升到了新的水平。） The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low. [2006 Text 2]（但很明显，（剧院需要补贴的）原因是开支飞速上涨，而票价 则一直较低。 ） 【常见义】 n [C]火箭

Question 141

row

Answer 141

row /rEU/ n [C] 大声而激烈的争论；吵架：the continuing row over the Government‟s defence policy（关于政府防务政策的无休止的争论） On May 31st Microsoft set off the row. [2013 Text 2]（5 月 31 日，微软使这一争论激化。 ） 【常见义】n [C]一排，一行

Question 142

rule

Answer 142

rule /ru:l/ v [T] 做出裁决或裁定：The court ruled the action to be illegal（. 法庭判定这种行 为 非法。）Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect,” a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. [2002 Text 4（] 虽然 裁决规定， 宪法没有赋予医生协助病人自杀的权力，但最高法院实际上还是支持“双重效应 ”的医学原 则的。这个延续了数百年的道德原则认为：当某个行为可能出现两种结果时——一个是希望 达到的好的结果，另一个是可以预见到的坏的结果——如果行为的执行者期待的只是好的结 果，那么这个行为是被允许的。） 【常见义】v [T]统治；操纵

Question 143

run

Answer 143

run /rQn/ v [I, T] （被）出版；（被）刊登： When the story ran, there was a big to-do.（这 篇报道刊登出来时，引起了一场骚动。）“As soon as that report runs, we‟ll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor. [2003 Text 1]（“一旦这个报道发布出去，我们就会立即获得 500 个来自乌克兰的新网络注册用户， ” 前政治学教授弗里德曼说。） 【常见义】v [I]跑；奔跑

Question 144

sacrifice

Answer 144

sacrifice /5sAkrIfaIs/ n [C] 牺牲 We must all be prepared to make sacrifices.（我们大家都必须准备好做 出牺牲。）The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan‟s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. [2000 Passage 4]（战后生育高峰期出生的一代人进入成年以及女性进 入男性 主宰的就业市场，这些都限制了青少年的发展机遇。这些青少年已经开始质疑， 为进所好学 校、找份好工作而攀登日本残酷的社会阶梯所付出的巨大代价，是否真的值得。）

Question 145

save

Answer 145

save /seIv/ prep〈文〉除了：Nothing was required of him on this ship save to entertain his guests. （在这条船上，除了招待客人以外没有什么事情需要他去做。）Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. [2010 Text 1] （然而，如今他的著作仅有一本仍可购得，他大量的音乐评论也仅为专业人士所知。） 【常见义】v [T]救助；节省

Question 146

secular

Answer 146

secular /5sekjElE(r)/ adj 长期的：secular trend（长期的趋势）But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. [2008 Text 3]（但是随着饮食和健康状况的改善， 儿童和青少年的身高平均每 20 年就会增加约 1.5 英寸，这就是通常所说的身高增长长期趋 势的模式。） 【常见义】adj 现世的；世俗的

Question 147

Secure

Answer 147

secure /sI5kjUE/ v [T] 获得，取得：secured a job（找到一份工作）Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. [2009 Part C]（由于我们对年轻人的主要职责是使他们能够融入共同的生活，因此我们不禁要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种本领的能力。）v [T] 保护；确保：The troops secured the area before the civilians were allowed to return.（在百姓返回之前军队负责保护这个地区。）Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. [2009 Part C]（比如，宗教团体的成立是为了保卫统治阶 层的利益和抵御邪恶势力；家庭生活的建立是为了满足身体的欲望和维系家族长久；有组织 的劳动的兴起很大程度上是因为奴隶制度的产生，等等。） 【常见 义】adj 安全的

Question 148

see

Answer 148

see /si:/ v [T] 经 历 ； 经 受 ： Both of them have seen a great deal of life, and are excellent company.（他们俩都是饱经世故的，和他们相处，再好不过了。 ） But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. [2000 Passage 4]（但是日本人传统的职 业道德观正在日益衰退。 ） 【常见义】v [T]看见，察觉

Question 149

sentence

Answer 149

sentence /5sentEns/ v [T] 判决；宣判： He has been sentenced to pay a fine of ￡1,000.（他被判罚款 1,000 英镑。） Witness payments became an issue after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. [2001 Section II]（1995 年韦斯特被判处 10 次终生监禁，此后，买通证人就成了一个争论的 焦点。）For example, he theorised that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison if he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day. [2013 Section I]（例如，西蒙松博士从理论上推 测，如果一位担心对犯罪行为表现得太过仁慈的法官在一天当中已经对五六名被告只判处了 强制性社区服务，那么他更有可能会将接下来的被告送进监狱。） 【常见义】n [C]句子

Question 150

shape

Answer 150

shape / FeIp / v [T] 决定„„的形成；影响„„的发展： These events helped to shape her future career.（这些事促成了她后来从事的事业。） This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading—between passive consumption and active creation—whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine. [2012 Part B]（这是因为联网计算机已经引发了一场下载和上传[被动消费和主动 创 造]之间的秘密战争。战争的结果将影响我们共同的未来，而这种影响的方式是我们之 前难 以想象的。） v [T] 塑造；使成形： Most caves are shaped by the flow of water through limestone. （大部分洞穴是水流经石灰岩形成的。） The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. [2002 Part B]（我们仅在一百多年前才阐明自然选择在进化中的作用， 而认识和研究 环境在塑造和保持个体行为方面的选择性作用则刚刚开始。 ）【常见义】 n [C, U]形状，样子

Question 151

sharp

Answer 151

sharp /FB:p/ adj 轮廓鲜明的；清晰的： The TV picture isn‟t very sharp.（电视图像不太清晰 。 ） As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage capacity increasing. [2002 Section II]（随着时间的推移，计算机的体积越来越小，功能却越来越强。而且随着显示效 果越来越清晰及存储量越来越大，计算机不仅普遍应用于公共机构，而且还普及到了个人。） 【常见义】adj 锋利的；尖锐的

Question 152

sheer

Answer 152

sheer /FIE/ adj 完全的；十足的： a sheer waste of time（纯粹浪费时间） But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. [2015 Part C]（但是美国独特的地理条件，不同种族之间的相互影响， 以 及在这个原始的新大陆维持原有生活方式的极大难度，引起了巨大的变化。） 【常见 义】adj 陡峭的

Question 153

shield

Answer 153

shield /Fi:ld/ v [T] 保护；庇护： The police officer shielded the child with her body.（那名警察用她 的身体保护了小孩。）Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.” [2002 Text 4]（蒙特非奥尔医疗中心主任南希·道布勒认为，这一原则将庇护那些医生——他们“直到现在 还坚定地认为，如果加大剂量可能会加速病人死亡，他们总不能给病人足够的药物来控制他 们的痛苦。”） Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it‟s useless. [2003 Text 4] （因为医疗费由第三方买单， 我们会要求尽可能地用上一切手段为我们治疗，即使这种治疗毫无用处。） 【常见义】n [C]盾牌

Question 154

shoulder

Answer 154

shoulder /5FEUldE(r)/ v [T] 承担；承当： shoulder the blame for his friends（为他的朋友承担斥责） If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. [2003 Text 3]（他们认为，如果铁路公司对所有客户平 均收费，那些可以选择货运汽车或其他运输方式的客户就会另作选择，从而使剩下的客户承 担铁路的运营费用。） 【常见义】n [C]肩；肩膀

Question 155

sit

Answer 155

sit /sIt/ v [I] 在职；担任（职务）： She sat on a number of committees.（她曾同时在几个 委员会中任职。） Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: “I can‟t think of a single search I‟ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.” [2011 Text 2（] 光辉 国际的大股东丹尼斯·凯里说： “我所做过的每一次招聘，董事会都会要求我首先注意那些在职的首席执行官们。” ） 【常见义】v [I, T]坐；就座

Question 156

soft

Answer 156

soft /sCft/ adj （过分）有同情心的；心肠软的：If you appear to be soft, people will take advantage of you.（如果你表现得太过心软，别人就会占你便宜。）For example, he theorised that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison if he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day. [2013 Section I]（例如，西蒙松博士从理论上推测，如果一位担心对犯罪行为 表现得太 过仁慈的法官在一天当中已经对五六名被告只判处了强制性社区服务，那么他 更有可能会将 接下来的被告送进监狱。 ） 【常见义】adj 柔软的；轻柔的

Question 157

solid

Answer 157

solid /5sClId/ adj 牢靠的；坚实的： She gives another solid performance as an unemployed single mom（. 作为失业的单身母亲，她再一次表现出色。）In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. [2000 Passage 1]（到了 1995 年，当 日本还在苦苦挣扎的时候，美国已经连续五年稳步发展了。 ）【常见义】n [C]固体

Question 158

sound

Answer 158

sound /saUnd/ adj 合理的；正确的：It was a financially sound investment. （这项投资财政稳健 。 ）If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound. [2005 Text 2] （如果我们要保护大气，那么，至关重要的是这些新发电 站对环境是无害的。 ） 【常见义】n [U]声音 n [C, U] 声音；声响 v [I]发出响声

Question 159

spark

Answer 159

spark /spB:k/ v [T] 引导；导致：The incident sparked a controversy.（这一事件引发了一场争端。）This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading—between passive consumption and active creation—whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine. [2012 Part B]（这是因为联网计算机已经 引发了一场下载和上传[被动消费和主动创造]之间的秘密战争。战争的结果将影响我们共同 的未来，而这种影响的方式是我们之前难以想象的。） 【常见义】n [C]火花；火星

Question 160

spell

Answer 160

spell /spel/ v [T] 导致；意味着： Their unwise investment could spell financial ruin.（他们所作 的不明智的投资可能导致经济上的崩溃。） But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing”, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. [2005 Text 4]（但“做自己的事情”，这种对本色以及个性的崇拜导致了正式演讲、写作、诗歌及音乐的衰亡。） n [C]（某事物持续的）一段时间：a long spell of warm weather （持续很久的温暖 的天气）Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. [2002 Text 2]（尽 管在 20 世纪 60 年代和 70 年代人们曾有过一段最初的乐 观时期，因为在当时看来，似乎到 2010 年，晶体管电路和微处理器就有可能复制人类的思维活动，但是最近研究人员已开始 把这一预言推迟了几十年，甚至是几百年。） 【常见义】v [T] 拼写

Question 161

spread

Answer 161

spread /spred/ v [I, T] 传播；（使）流传： He spread the news around the town.（他在镇上到处 传播这一消息。） More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread; Internet access. [2001 Passage 2]（由于害怕自己的国家落后，越来越多的政府想扩大 互联网的使用范围。） 【常见义】v [T]展开；铺开

Question 162

squeeze

Answer 162

squeeze /skwi:z/ v [T]（尤用于金融或商业）破坏；扼制： The economy is being squeezed by foreign debt repayments（. 偿还外债给经济带来了坏的影响。）On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed. [2002 Text 3]（另一方面，新兴的石油进口国——重 工业已经转移到这些国家——能源密集程度变得更大，从而可能面临更大的压力。） 【常见义】v [T]用力挤压；榨取

Question 163

state

Answer 163

state /steIt / v [T] 规定；陈述，声明： The rules state that samples must be enclosed in two watertight containers.（规则要求样本必须装在两个水密容器中。） As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn‟t ease the challenge of line-drawing. [2015 Text 2]（而情况通常是这 样的，制定准则也很难划定实际界限。） 【常见义】n [C]国家；州；情形

Question 164

stem

Answer 164

stem /stem/ v [T] 阻止；遏制： The government had failed to stem the tide of factory closures. （政府 没有控制住工厂纷纷倒闭的势头。） Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy. [2013 Part B]（例如，遏制气候变化不仅需要开发清洁能源，同样也需要我们改变消 费模式和推动人们接纳税收。） 【常见义】n [C] 植物、灌木的）茎， 干 v [I]起源于

Question 165

stop

Answer 165

stop /stCp/ n [C] 标点符号；（尤指）句号： full stop（句号） We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops;, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. [2000 Passage 3]（我们必须使用大量的基本词汇，而不受标点符号、修饰性形容词及限定动词的约束。） 【常见义】 v [I, T]（使）停止，中止

Question 166

strength

Answer 166

strength /streNW/ n [C, U] 优点；长处： His strength was his obsessive single-mindedness.（他的长 处是非常专心。） At first glance this might seem like a strength that grants the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by external factors. [2013 Section I]（乍一看，这似乎是一种优点， 它使人们能够排除外部因素的影响，从而做出公正的判断。 ） 【常见义】n [U] 力量；力气

Question 167

stress

Answer 167

stress /stres/ v [T] 着重于；强调：He stressed the point very strongly that all these services cost money.（他重强调所有这些服务都是要花钱的。）While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. [2000 Passage 4]（虽然日本的教育因强调基础知识而经常受到外国人的赞扬，但是它往往强调考试和机械的学习而忽视了创造力和自我表达。）Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. [2014 Text 4]（因为代 议制政府预先提出全民要接受教育，所以这份报告提倡全面提高国民的素质，强调学习历史和政体，尤其是美国历史和美国政体，鼓励使用新的数字技术。） 【常见义】n [C, U]压力

Question 168

stretch

Answer 168

stretch /stretF/ n [C]一段时间：a four-hour stretch（连续四小时） At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. [2007 Part B]（同时，长时间用耳机听单调的 节奏会让孩子沉浸在自己的幻想里，而不致力于其他追求。 ） 【常见义】v [I] 伸展

Question 169

stripe

Answer 169

stripe /straIp/ n [C] 种类；类型： Politicians of all stripes complained about the plan.（形形色色 的政客都抱怨这项计划。 ） Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. [2007 Text 3]（学者、决策者以及形形色色的评论家都讨论了这种变化的社会影响， 但是很少有人看到其副作用：家庭所面临的风险也随之提高。） 【常见义】n [C] 条纹；长条

Question 170

subject

Answer 170

subject /5sQbdVIkt/ n [C]实验对象，受治疗者：The experiment involved 12 subjects.（这项实验用 了十二个研究对象。）The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted on 1932 unique subjects which compared pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. [2015 Section I]（这项研究在基因组范围内分析了 1,932 个独特的受试，将成对的没有亲属关系的朋友与没有亲属关系的 陌生人进行了比较。）The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects. [2015 Section I] （同时， 研究小组通过对数据进行检验来核查受试的血统。） /sEb5dVekt/ v [T] 使臣服或顺从：Ancient Rome subjected most of Europe to its rule. （古罗马 帝国征服了欧洲大部分。） Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. [2003 Part B]（而且，人类有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使所有其他生命形态服从于人类自己 独特的想法和想象。）At the very least, the court should make itself subject to the code of conduct that applies to the rest of the federal judiciary. [2010 Section I] （但最起码，法院应遵守 适用于其他联邦司法系统的行为准则。） /sEb5dVekt/ v [T] 使使经历或遭受某事物：She was repeatedly subjected to torture. （她不断 地受到折磨。） His argument is that the unusual history of these people has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical state of affairs. [2008 Section I] （他认为，这些人不同寻常的历史使他们遭受了罕见的进化压力，正是这种压力导致了这种 矛盾状态的产 生 。 ）After several decades, the same data were subjected to econometric analysis. [2010 Section I] （几十年之后，研究人员对这些照明实验的数据结果进行了计量经济学分析。） /5sQbdVIkt/ adj 易于„„的；倾向于„„的：Are you subject to colds? （你常患感冒吗?） All theories, however, are tentative and are subject to criticism. [2004 Section II]（然而，所有理 论都只是试探性的，易遭到批判。）/5sQbdVIkt/ adj 服从的；支配的：We are subject to the law of the land. （我们须遵守当地的 法律。） In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation. [2009 Text 2]（此外，检测公司用 以判定血缘关系的计算机程序可能申请了专利保护，不必受同行的评审或外界的评估。）In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant‟s license be subject to Vermont legislature‟s approval. [2010 Text 2] （2006 年该州进一步提出要求，任何核电站的许 可证的延期都要获得佛蒙特立法机关的批准。） 【常见义】 n [C]学科；主题

Question 171

suggest

Answer 171

suggest /sE5dVest/ v [T] 表明；暗示；意味着：But particularly when viewed against America‟s turbulent past, today's social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment. [2006 Text 1]（但如今的社会几乎没有显示出社会环境黑暗和每况愈下的迹象，尤其是当与美国动荡的 过去相比时更是如此。）This suggests that dimmer bulbs burn longer, that there is an advantage in not being too bright. [2009 Section I] （这表明暗淡的灯泡[笨脑瓜]更耐用， 不够十分明亮[聪 明]也有好处。） 【常见义】v [T]提议；建议

Question 172

supplement

Answer 172

supplement /5sQplImEnt/ n [C]（报纸、 杂志等的）增刊： the Sunday color supplements（周日彩色增刊） For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” [2007 Text 2] 过去几年，周日报纸增刊《游行》开辟了一个专栏叫“问 问玛丽莲”。 【常见义】n [C]补充

Question 173

surface

Answer 173

surface /5s\:fIs/ v [I] 引起注意；公开化： The argument first surfaced two years ago.（这场争论最 初在两年前就引起了人们的注意。） The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont‟s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. [2012 Text 2] （安特吉公司与佛蒙特州政府之间的冲突早在 2002 年就引起了人们的注意，当时该公司购 买了佛蒙特州唯一的一座核电站，一个位于弗农市的陈旧的核反应堆。） 【常见义】n [C]（物体的）表面

Question 174

sweep

Answer 174

sweep /swi:p/ v [I, T] 迅速蔓延；风行： Youngsters are risking their lives in a dangerous craze which is sweeping the country.（青少年正在一阵席卷全国的危险时尚中拿自己的生命冒险。） Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. [2000 Passage 1] （外国 制造的汽车和纺织品也大举涌入美国国内市场。） The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. [2001 Passage 4] （这股浪潮从异常活跃的美国席卷到欧洲，并以无与伦比的威力波及到新兴国家。） 【常见义】v [T]打扫；清理

Question 175

swell

Answer 175

swell /swell/ v [I, T] 增加；增长：Total employment swelled by almost 50%（. 就业总人数增 加 了差不多 50%。） According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000. [2013 Part B] （根据《2010 年世界社会科学报告》，自 2000 年以来，全球社会科学专业的学生数量每年 以大约 11%的速度增长。 ） 【常见义】v [I]肿胀；膨胀

Question 176

sympathy

Answer 176

sympathy /5sImpEWI/ n [U] （感情上的）支持，赞同： I‟m sure she will be in sympathy with your proposal.（我确信她一定赞成你的建议。） Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. [2002 Text 1]（你的幽默必须与听众相关，而且有助于表明你是他们 中的一员，或者表明你了解他们的处境并且赞同他们的观点。） 【常见义】n [U]同情

Question 177

systematic

Answer 177

systematic /7sIstE5mAtIk/ adj 有预谋的；蓄意的： a systematic attempt to ruin his reputation （蓄谋破坏他 的名誉） “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse.”[2002 Text 4]（“许多医生似乎对病人遭受不必要的、可以预见的痛苦漠不关心”，其严重程 度已经构成“蓄意虐待病人”。） 【常见义】adj 有系统的；系统化的

Question 178

tap

Answer 178

tap /tAp/ v [T] 开发（资源）： These magazines have tapped into a target market of consumers. （这 些杂志已经开发了消费者目标市场。 ） For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may co-operate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. [2000 Section IV]（例如，他们可以鼓励不 同形式的 研究，包括建立他们自己的研究中心。他们可以改变教育结构；或是通过干预 减少自然资源 的浪费，开发迄今尚未开发的资源；政府也可以直接在科学、经济及工业领域广泛开展国际 合作项目。） 【常见义】v [T] 轻拍 n [C]轻拍；龙头

Question 179

tell

Answer 179

tell /tel/ v [I] 产生影响（尤指有害的影响）：These late nights are really beginning to tell on him. （这些天的熬夜真的开始让他吃不消了。） Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes（travels to and from work） and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. [2000 Passage 4]（城市里的日本人长期忍受着漫长的通勤（上下班往返路程）和拥挤不堪的居住条件，随着旧的群体观念和家庭 观念的削弱，生活的不如意开始产生影响。） 【常见义】 v [I, T]告诉；讲述

Question 180

temper

Answer 180

temper /5tempE(r)/ v [T] 缓和；调剂： Their idealism is tempered with realism.（他们的理想主义因 现实主义有所冲淡。）From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. [2004 Text 3]（由于消费者们削减开支，从汽车经销商到盖普 商店，销售额几个月来一直在下滑。）Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was unprepared for self-rule and democracy. [2007 Section I]（平等主 义的情绪常常因担心大众尚未为自治与民主做好准备而有所缓和。） 【常见义】n [C]脾气；性情

Question 181

term

Answer 181

term /t\:m/ n [C] 专门名词；名称；术语： “The nick” is a slang term for “prison”.（the nick 一词是俚语, 意为“班房”。） Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. [2004 Part B] （后来，这一观点成为了著名的萨皮尔沃尔夫假说，但这个术语有点不恰当。）The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. [2007 Text 2] （虽 然人们已经不像以前那样频繁地使用智商测试了，但是智商分数似乎仍然是定义人类智力的术 语。） 【常见义】n [C] （学校的）学期；期限

Question 182

thumb

Answer 182

thumb /WQm/ v [T]翻阅，翻查： I‟ve thumbed my address book and found quite a range of smaller hotels.（我翻看我的通讯录，发现里面记了一长串的小旅馆。）It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. [2004 Text 2]（人们早就知道，顾客翻查电话号码簿的时候，与名为 Zodiac 的出租车公司相比，名为 AAAA 的出租车公司占有很大的优势。） 【常见义】n [C] 拇指

Question 183

traffic

Answer 183

traffic /5sAkrIfaIs/ n [U] （通讯系统的）通信（量），信息流量： Internet traffic（互联网上的信息 流量） “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite. [2004 Text 1（] CareerSite 市 场部副总裁 赛思·皮茨说：“我们发送这些信息的第二天网站访问量就急剧增长。”） We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. [2011 Text 3]（我们将这种售出媒介定义为流量巨 大、可以吸引其他机构前来投放内容或电子商务引擎的自有媒介。） 【常见义】n [U]往来于街道的车辆；交通t

Question 184

treat

Answer 184

treat /tri:t/ v [T]（以食物或娱乐等）款待某人或使自己获得享受：We were treated to the unusual sight of the Prime Minister singing on TV. （我们有幸目睹首相上电视一展歌喉的难得场面。） Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply. [2000 Passage 5]（相反，我们目睹了大量极为虚伪的现象，现在这些现象似乎比以 往任何时候都要多。）v [T]把某事物看作；视某事物为：I decided to treat his remark as a joke. （我决定 把他的话当作玩笑话。）Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas — such as free markets or self-reliance — as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation. [2014 Text 4]（如今，教授们通常 把对历史的革新性解读和主张改革的公共政策作为正确的研究课题，而认为保守或古典的自由主 义思想[比如自由市场和自力更生]已经超出常规，有时甚至超出了正当的学术研究的范围。） 【常见义】v [T]对 待；医治

Question 185

trust

Answer 185

trust /trQst/ n [C] 垄断企业；托拉斯（为减少竞争、垄断价格等而成立的企业联合组织）： anti-trust laws（反托拉斯法） Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. [2001 Passage 4]（将近一个世纪前，美国标准石油托拉 斯被迫解体。人们因此担心竞争会受到威胁。不过很难想象，今天几家石油公司的合并会对 竞争构成同样的威胁。） 【常见义】n [U]相信 v [T] 相信

Question 186

twist

Answer 186

twist /twIst/ n [C] 歪曲；曲解：His political opponent gave a twist to everything he said.（他的政敌对他所有的话都加以歪曲。） A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don‟t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. [2002 Text 1（] 可以故意歪曲一下大家熟知的话，比如 说“如果一开始不成功，那就放弃好了”，或者玩文字游戏，或就一个情景开玩笑。） 【常见义】v [T]绕；卷

Question 187

underline

Answer 187

underline /7QndE5laIn/ v [T] 突出；强调： The improvement in retail sales was underlined by these figures. （这些数字突出了零售量的增加。） This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. [2005 Part C]（仅这一点就足以表明， 在电视行业生存下来并非易事，统计数字也突显了这一事实，统计表明，1989 年在 80 家欧 洲电视网中，多达一半出现了亏损。 ） 【常见义】 v [T]在（词等）下面画线

Question 188

uniform

Answer 188

uniform /5ju:nIfR:m/ adj 统一的；一致的：Cut down between the bones so that all the chops are of uniform size.（在骨头之间砍削，使所有的排骨大小一致。）The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. [2013 Text 4]（宪法认为只有华盛顿才有权力“建立 一个统一的归化入籍条例”，而且联邦法律高于州法律，这些宪法的原则是无可争议的。） 【常见义】n [C, U]制服

Question 189

universe

Answer 189

universes /5ju:nIv\:s/ n [C] 领域： In this book, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries.（在这本书里，牛顿阐述了万有引力和力学三大定律，接下来的三个世纪， 这些理 论在物理科学领域占据主导地位。） It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail. [2012 Part C] （然而，考虑到它可能会涉及的范围和领域，人们越来越不确定这样的理论会是一种简化的 规则。） 【常见义】n [S]宇宙；世界

Question 190

upset

Answer 190

upset /9Qp5set/ v [T] 打乱；扰乱：The dam will upset the ecological balance.（大坝会扰乱生态平衡。）They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power and have no need to cultivate political support. [2012 Section I]（法官被授予终身职位，这样他们可以无所 顾虑地去触碰当权者，同时无需寻求政治支持。 ）If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm. [2013 Text 2] ③如果它在企图挑战几乎完全依赖广告业务运营的 谷歌的话，那么它的方法并不直接：没有人能保证将 DNT 设为默认会成为业内规范。 【常见义】adj 心烦的；苦恼的

Question 191

value

Answer 191

value /5vAlju/ v [T] 尊重；重视： She had come to value her privacy and independence.（她开始重视自己的隐私和独立地位。） The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. [2007 Section I]（独立运动早期领袖的理想通常是平 等主义，即强调一切事物的平等。） 【常见义】n [C, U]价值

Question 192

weather

Answer 192

weather /5weTE(r)/ v [T] 平安渡过；经受住： weather a crisis （平安渡过危机）This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. [2007 Text 3（] 这种“附加劳动力效应” 会增强由失业保险或伤 残保险组成的安全保障，帮助家庭渡过难关。） 【常见义】n [U] 天气；气象

Question 193

weigh

Answer 193

weigh /weI/ v [T] 权衡；斟酌：We weighed the cost of advertising against the likely gains from increased business. （我们权衡了广告成本和业务增加可能带来的收益。） “Benefits” have been weighed against “harmful” outcomes. [2002 Section II（] 端进行 了权衡。） 【常见义】v [T]称某物的重量 人们把它带来的益处和产生的弊

Question 194

will

Answer 194

will /wIl/ n [C] 遗嘱： Have you made your will?（你立遗嘱了吗？） Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. [2008 Text 4]（华盛顿看到黑人士兵在美国独立战争中的英勇表现后， 开始相信人人生而平等，于是不顾亲人的强烈反对，在遗嘱中给了奴隶们自由。）【常 见义】v [aux]将会；可能

Question 195

yield

Answer 195

yield /ji:ld/ v [I]屈服；让步：The government has not yielded to public opinion. （政府并未向舆 论让步。） Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. [2000 Passage 1] （盲目自大取代了自我怀疑。）n [C, U]产量：What is the yield per acre?（每英亩的产量是多少?）That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. [2006 Text 3]（而发 现这些变化很重要，因为理论表明一个渔场只有在目标捕捞物种的生物量保持在原始基数的 50%左右时，才能获得最大可持续捕捞量。） 【常见义】v [T]生产