0-1 Chapter 19 the heart Flashcards
(210 cards)
cardiology
the scientific study of the heart and the treatment of its disorders
cardiovascular system
heart and blood vessels
circulatory system
heart, blood vessels, and the blood
major divisions of circulatory system
pulmonary circuit
systemic circuit
pulmonary circuit
right side of heart
•carries blood to lungs for gas exchange and back to hear
–lesser oxygenated blood arrives from inferior and superior vena cava
–blood sent to lungs via pulmonary trunk
systemic circuit
left side of heart
•supplies oxygenated blood to all tissues of the body and returns it to the heart
–fully oxygenated blood arrives from lungs via pulmonary veins
–blood sent to all organs of the body via aorta
Heart
heart located in mediastinum, between lungs
tilted to the left
base
wide, superior portion of heart, blood vessels attach here
apex
inferior end, tilts to the left, tapers to point
pericardium
double-walled sac (pericardial sac) that encloses the heart
–allows heart to beat without friction, provides room to expand, yet resists excessive expansion
–anchored to diaphragm inferiorly and sternum anteriorly
parietal pericardium
outer wall of sac
–superficial fibrous layer of connective tissue
–a deep, thin serous layer
visceral pericardium
(epicardium) –heart covering
–serous lining of sac turns inward at base of heart to cover the heart surface
pericardial cavity
space inside the pericardial sac filled with 5 -30 mL of pericardial fluid
pericarditis
inflammation of the membranes
–painful friction rub with each heartbeat
epicardium
(visceral pericardium)
–serous membrane covering heart
–adipose in thick layer in some places
–coronary blood vessels travel through this layer
endocardium
–smooth inner lining of heart and blood vessels
–covers the valve surfaces and continuous with endothelium of blood vessels
myocardium
layer of cardiac muscle proportional to work load
•muscle spirals around heart which produces wringing motion
fibrous skeleton of the heart
-framework of collagenous and elastic fibers
•provides structural support and attachment for cardiac muscle and anchor for valve tissue
•electrical insulation between atria and ventricles important in timing and coordination of contractile activity
four chambers
right and left atria
right and left ventricles
right and left atria
- two superior chambers
- receive blood returning to heart
- auricles (seen on surface) enlarge chamber
right and left ventricles
two inferior chambers
•pump blood into arteries
atrioventricular sulcus
- separates atria and ventricles
- sulci contain coronary arteries
interventricular sulcus
- overlies the interventricular septum that divides the right ventricle from the left
- sulci contain coronary arteries
interatrial septum
–wall that separates atria