0-1 Chapter 23 Urinary System Flashcards
urinary system
principal means of waste removal
kidney functions
regulate blood volume and pressure, erythrocyte count, blood gases, blood pH, and electrolyte and acid base balance, eliminates wastes
urologists
treat both urinary and reproductive disorders
urinary system consists of 6 organs
2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
Kidney
Secrete
secretes enzyme, renin, which activates hormonal mechanisms that control blood pressure and electrolyte balance
•secretes the hormone, erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of red blood cells
•final step in synthesizing hormone, calcitriol, which contributes to calcium homeostasis
waste
any substance that is useless to the body or present in excess of the body‟s needs
metabolic waste
waste substance produced by the body
urea formation
- proteins
- amino acids
- NH2 removed
- forms ammonia
- liver converts to urea
uric acid
product of nucleic acid catabolism
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
expression of the level of nitrogenous waste in the blood
azotemia
elevated BUN
•indicates renal insufficiency
uremia
syndrome of diarrhea, vomiting, dyspnea, and cardiac arrhythmia stemming from the toxicity of nitrogenous waste
excretion
separation of wastes from body fluids and eliminating them
four body systems carry out excretion
respiratory system
integumentary system
digestive system
urinary system
respiratory system
CO2, small amounts of other gases, and water
integumentary system
water, inorganic salts, lactic acid, urea in sweat
digestive system
water, salts, CO2, lipids, bile pigments, cholesterol, other metabolic waste, and food residue
urinary system
many metabolic wastes, toxins, drugs, hormones, salts, H+ and water
Kidney
location
retroperitoneal along with ureters, urinary bladder, renal artery and vein, and adrenal glands
three protective connective tissue coverings
renal fascia
perirenal fat capsule
fibrous capsule
renal parenchyma
glandular tissue that forms urine
–appears C-shaped in frontal section
–encircles the renal sinus
renal sinus
contains blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, and urine-collecting structures
•adipose fills the remaining cavity and holds structures into place
two zones of renal parenchyma
outer renal cortex
inner renal medulla
inner renal medulla
- renal columns –extensions of the cortex that project inward toward sinus
- renal pyramids –6 to 10 with broad base facing cortex and renal papilla facing sinus