04 Hypothalamus

Question 1

What does Gonadotropin releasing hormone act on

Answer 1

Luteotropes and folliculotrops
stimulates AP production of FSH and LH
*very similar across species

Question 2

What does dopamine do

Answer 2

acts on lactotrophs to inhibit AP production of prolactin

Question 3

What regulates ADH?

Answer 3

Osmoreceptors
blood vol
stress
circadian rhythm

Question 4

What stimulates oxytocin production

Answer 4

suckling

Question 5

Does the neurohypophysis release or synthesize OT and ADH

Answer 5

Neurohypophysis releases Oxytocin (OT) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 6

Primary function of hypothalamus

Answer 6

site of hormone production

Question 7

What does growth hormone inhibitory hormone act on

Answer 7

Somatotrophs

inhibits AP production of GH

Question 8

What is the target of prolactin

Answer 8

milk producing cells

Question 9

What does GnRH do

Answer 9

Stimulate AP production of FSH and LH

Question 10

What is the only hormone under inhibitory control

Answer 10

Prolactin is inhibited by domaine

Question 11

What does Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) do

Answer 11

Acts on corticotrophs to stimulate AP production of ACTH

Question 12

What does oxytocin do

Answer 12

stimulate smooth muscle contraction uterine contraction and milk let down

Question 13

What is the target of oxytocin

Answer 13

Muscle cells

Question 14

What does prolactin do

Answer 14

stimulate milk production

Question 15

What does growth hormone releasing hormone act on

Answer 15

Somatotrophs

Stimulates AP production of Growth hormone (GH)

Question 16

What does ADH to blood pressure

Answer 16

Increases blood pressure

Question 17

How similar is GnRH across species

Answer 17

Very similar in different species

Question 18

What is oxytocin’s role in males

Answer 18

Unclear
secreted during ejaculation
Promotes contraction of ductus deferens

Question 19

What does Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) do?

Answer 19

Acts on thyrotrophs of AP to stimulate TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

Question 20

what is the primary function of posterior pituitary

Answer 20

Site of hormone storage and release

Question 21

How how are hormones transported from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary

Answer 21

Axons of neuroendocrine cells

Question 22

What does the hypothalamus communicate with?

Answer 22

Pituitary gland

Question 23

What is inhibits oxytocin

Answer 23

Progesterone

Question 24

What two important hormones does the neurohypopphysis secrete?

Answer 24

Oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 25

What kind of tissue is the hypothalamus composed of

Answer 25

neural

Question 26

What is another name for the anterior pituitary?

Answer 26

adenohypophysis

Question 27

What is another name for the posterior pituitary?

Answer 27

neurohypophysis

Question 28

What are the 3 parts of the adenohypophysis?

Answer 28

pars distalis pars intermedia pars tuberalis

Question 29

hypothalamus role

Answer 29

site of hormone production secretion of regulating hormones (factors) synthesis of hormones - oxytocin - ADH communicates with the pituitary gland via the hypothalamic -hypophyseal nerve tract and hypophyseal portal system

Question 30

What type of cells produce hormones in the hypothalamus?

Answer 30

neuroendocrine cells

Question 31

How are hormones transported from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary?

Answer 31

hormones secreted by neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamus enter portal vessels and are transported to the anterior pituitary

Question 32

What is the structure and function of the neurohypophysis?

Answer 32

the posterior pituitary an outgrowth of the hypothalamus composed of neural tissue contains axons of neuroendocrine cells that project through the stalk from the hypothalamus stores and releases: oxytocin and ADH

Question 33

What type of hormones are

Answer 33

a peptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus

Question 34

What is the function of oxytocin in females?

Answer 34

stimulates smooth muscle contraction - uterus = parturition - mammary glands = milk let down

Question 35

How is oxytocin regulated?

Answer 35

up-regulated by estrogen | inhibited by progesterone

Question 36

Describe the control of lactation

Answer 36

stimulus = suckling induces hypothalamus to produce: - prolactin (AP) > pituitary > milk production - oxytocin (PP) > pituitary > milk release

Question 37

Describe the control of lactation

Answer 37

stimulus = suckling induces hypothalamus to produce: - prolactin (AP) > pituitary > milk production - oxytocin (PP) > pituitary > milk release

Question 38

What diseases cause production or action of oxytocin to be inhibited?

Answer 38

none

Question 39

pitocin

Answer 39

synthetic analog of oxytocin has a longer half life than oxytocin but still short so must be given repeatedly or continuously used clinically to facilitate parturition and milk let-down

Question 40

What is ADH?

Answer 40

antidiuretic hormone vassopressin *similar across species

Question 41

What is the function of ADH?

Answer 41

acts on kidney tubules - decreases urine output - increases water resorption acts on sudoriferous (sweat) glands - decreases sweating constricts arterioles to increase blood pressure

Question 42

Where are oxytocin and ADH produced and released?

Answer 42

synthesized by neurosecretory cells in hypothalamic nuclei | hormones are packed into secretory vesicles and travel to the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) via axons

Question 43

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 43

more than one type abnormalities of ADH production (common) or response (rare) lack of responsiveness to ADH Excessive urination, dehydration, and thirst

Question 44

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 44

more than one type abnormalities of ADH production (common) or response (rare) lack of responsiveness to ADH Excessive urination, dehydration, and thirst

Question 45

What hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus? What type are they?

Answer 45

OXY, ADH TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH/GHIH, Dopamine Peptide hormones

Question 46

What is the hypothalmus

Answer 46

region of the brain (diencephalon) lies below the third ventricle at base of brain important regulator of endocrine action

Question 47

What is the pituitary gland (hypophysis)?

Answer 47

endocrine gland connected to the hypothalamus by infundibulum (stalk containing nerves and small blood vessels)

Question 48

hypothalmic releasing and inhibiting hormones

Answer 48

produced and released in the hypothalamus enter portal vessels and are transported to adenohypophysis stimulate discrete cell types within anterior pituitary to secrete additional hormones TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH/GHIH, DA

Question 49

What hormones produced by the hypothalamus are highly conserved across species?

Answer 49

ADH GnRH CRH