04c: Pelvic Floor/Anatomy

Question 1

(Superior/inferior) gluteal nerve and artery leave pelvis via (X), above (Y) muscle.

Answer 1

Superior;
X = greater sciatic foramen
Y = piriformis

Question 2

Which vessels leave pelvis via greater sciatic foramen under piriformis?

Answer 2

Internal pudendal and inferior gluteal

Question 3

Which nerves leave pelvis via greater sciatic foramen under piriformis?

Answer 3

1. Inferior gluteal
2. Sciatic
3. Posterior femoral cutaneous

Question 4

In female, list the ligaments that pass through inguinal canal.

Answer 4

Round ligament of uterus

Question 5

T/F: Ovaries are enclosed within broad ligament.

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Which surface(s) of ovaries and broad ligament are in contact?

Answer 6

Anterior surface of ovaries attach to posterior surface of broad ligament

Question 7

(X) forms the superior boundary of the superficial perineal space

Answer 7

X = perineal membrane

Question 8

Colles’ fascia is (superficial/deep) to superficial space.

Answer 8

Superficial

Question 9

Bulb of penis is (superficial/deep) to perineal membrane.

Answer 9

Superficial

Question 10

Bulbourethral gland is found in (superficial/deep) space.

Answer 10

Deep

Question 11

Greater vestibular gland is found in (superficial/deep) space.

Answer 11

Superficial

Question 12

Ducts from the prostate gland open into the (X).

Answer 12

X = prostatic sinus

Question 13

The superficial inguinal nodes receive lymph from:

Answer 13

penis, scrotum, buttocks,

labium majus, and the lower parts of the vagina and anal canal

Question 14

The urogenital diaphragm consists of:

Answer 14

1. Sphincter urethrae muscle

2. Deep transverse perineal muscle

Question 15

Central tendon of perineum is also called (X). It’s an important attachment site for which muscle(s)?

Answer 15

X = perineal body

1. Bulbospongiosus
2. Superficial and deep transverse perineal

Question 16

The (X) artery supplies the glans penis.

Answer 16

X = dorsal artery of the penis

Question 17

T/F: The seminal vesicles

store spermatozoa.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

The duct of the bulbourethral gland opens into the (X) portion of the (Y) urethra.

Answer 18

X = bulbous
Y = spongy

Question 19

Greater vestibular gland opens into the (vagina/vestibule) between the (X) and (Y).

Answer 19

Vestibule;
X = Labia minora
Y = Hymen

Question 20

The perineum is (X)-shaped region (above/below) pelvic floor.

Answer 20

X = diamond

Below

Question 21

Margins of perineum.

Answer 21

1. Pubic arch (via pubic arcuate ligament and ischiopubic rami)
2. Ischial tuberosities
3. Sacrotuberous ligaments
4. Coccyx

Question 22

The urogenital triangle is divided into (X) regions by (Y).

Answer 22

X = deep and superficial
Y = transverse, interosseous perineal membrane

Question 23

Boundaries of true pelvis:

Answer 23

1. Sacral promontory and anterior margin of ala
2. Linea terminalis (arcuate line of ilium, pecten pubis and pubic crest)
3. Upper border of pubic symphysis

Question 24

Obturator internus originates (within/outside) pelvis and (enters/leaves) pelvis via (X).

Answer 24

Within; Leaves

X = lesser sciatic foramen

Question 25

Neurovascular portal in lesser sciatic foramen can be found (superior/inferior/medial/lateral) to which muscle?

Answer 25

Medial to obturator internus

Question 26

List the parts of levator ani.

Answer 26

1. Iliococcygeus | 2. Pubococcygeus

Question 27

List the parts of Pubococcygeus.

Answer 27

1. Pubococcygeus proper 2. Pubovaginalis (F) or Levator prostatae (M) 3. Puborectalis (with puborectal sling)

Question 28

The deep dorsal vein of penis/clitoris reached (X) by running through which key gap?

Answer 28

X = pelvic venous plexus Arcuate pubic ligament and transverse perineal ligament

Question 29

Transverse perineal ligament is made from (anterior/posterior) thickening of:

Answer 29

Anterior; perineal membrane

Question 30

List muscles involved in urethral sphincter complex.

Answer 30

1. Deep transverse perineal 2. Sphincter urethrae (aka external urethral sphincter) 3. Compressor urethrae

Question 31

List the muscles in deep perineal space.

Answer 31

1. Sphincter and compressor urethrae | 2. Deep transverse perineal

Question 32

Which part of urethra (males) passes through deep perineal space?

Answer 32

Membranous

Question 33

List nerves/vessels present in deep perineal space.

Answer 33

1. Pudendal nerve | 2. Internal pudendal vessels

Question 34

T/F: Urethra present in deep perineal space in female.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

T/F: Entire vagina present in deep perineal space in female.

Answer 35

False - only lower part

Question 36

Superficial perineal space lies between (X) and (Y) in (urogenital/anal) triangle.

Answer 36

``` X = colles fascia Y = perineal membrane ``` Urogenital triangle only

Question 37

T/F: erectile tissue of corpus cavernosum and spongiosum receive somatic motor innervation from pudendal nerve.

Answer 37

False - sensory innervation

Question 38

The (X) serves as landmark in administration of pudendal nerve blocks.

Answer 38

X = ischial spine

Question 39

Trace path of neural signals that stimulate penile/clitoris erection.

Answer 39

1. S2-4 anterior rami 2. Pelvic splanchnic nerves 3. Inferior hypogastric plexus 4. Vesicular and prostatic/uterovaginal plexuses to erectile tissues

Question 40

Campers fatty layer is continuous between:

Answer 40

1. Abdominal wall 2. Thigh and gluteal 3. Urogenital AND anal triangles

Question 41

Extravasation of urine that results in swelling and discoloration in the penis and scrotum. Which part of urethra damaged?

Answer 41

Penile (urine in superficial perineal pouch)

Question 42

Extravasation of urine into true pelvis. Which part of urethra damaged?

Answer 42

Prostatic

Question 43

Extravasation of urine into deep perineal pouch. Which part of urethra damaged?

Answer 43

Membranous

Question 44

(X) provides the MOST important support for the uterus

Answer 44

X = The pelvic diaphragm, particularly the levator ani

Question 45

Abscess derived from a greater vestibular (Bartholin) gland cyst. What group of lymph nodes should be checked first for lymphadenitis?

Answer 45

Superficial inguinal nodes

Question 46

The important (X) canal in ischioanal fossa is located at its (Y) border.

Answer 46

``` X = pudendal (or Alcock's) Y = lateral ```

Question 47

To which of the following lymph nodes would prostatic cancer cells most likely metastasize initially?

Answer 47

Internal iliac nodes

Question 48

In congenital case of double uterus, (X) embryologic structures failed to fuse.

Answer 48

X = paramesonephric ducts

Question 49

(X) structure of female pelvis is continuation of camper's fascia.

Answer 49

X = labia majora

Question 50

The pectinate line of (X) is a point of demarcation between:

Answer 50

X = anal canal | Visceral (above) and somatic (below) innervation

Question 51

Which portion of rectum supplied by pudendal nerve?

Answer 51

None