(Superior/inferior) gluteal nerve and artery leave pelvis via (X), above (Y) muscle.
Superior;
X = greater sciatic foramen
Y = piriformis
Which vessels leave pelvis via greater sciatic foramen under piriformis?
Internal pudendal and inferior gluteal
Which nerves leave pelvis via greater sciatic foramen under piriformis?
- Inferior gluteal
- Sciatic
- Posterior femoral cutaneous
In female, list the ligaments that pass through inguinal canal.
Round ligament of uterus
T/F: Ovaries are enclosed within broad ligament.
False
Which surface(s) of ovaries and broad ligament are in contact?
Anterior surface of ovaries attach to posterior surface of broad ligament
(X) forms the superior boundary of the superficial perineal space
X = perineal membrane
Colles’ fascia is (superficial/deep) to superficial space.
Superficial
Bulb of penis is (superficial/deep) to perineal membrane.
Superficial
Bulbourethral gland is found in (superficial/deep) space.
Deep
Greater vestibular gland is found in (superficial/deep) space.
Superficial
Ducts from the prostate gland open into the (X).
X = prostatic sinus
The superficial inguinal nodes receive lymph from:
penis, scrotum, buttocks,
labium majus, and the lower parts of the vagina and anal canal
The urogenital diaphragm consists of:
- Sphincter urethrae muscle
2. Deep transverse perineal muscle
Central tendon of perineum is also called (X). It’s an important attachment site for which muscle(s)?
X = perineal body
- Bulbospongiosus
- Superficial and deep transverse perineal
The (X) artery supplies the glans penis.
X = dorsal artery of the penis
T/F: The seminal vesicles
store spermatozoa.
False
The duct of the bulbourethral gland opens into the (X) portion of the (Y) urethra.
X = bulbous Y = spongy
Greater vestibular gland opens into the (vagina/vestibule) between the (X) and (Y).
Vestibule;
X = Labia minora
Y = Hymen
The perineum is (X)-shaped region (above/below) pelvic floor.
X = diamond
Below
Margins of perineum.
- Pubic arch (via pubic arcuate ligament and ischiopubic rami)
- Ischial tuberosities
- Sacrotuberous ligaments
- Coccyx
The urogenital triangle is divided into (X) regions by (Y).
X = deep and superficial Y = transverse, interosseous perineal membrane
Boundaries of true pelvis:
- Sacral promontory and anterior margin of ala
- Linea terminalis (arcuate line of ilium, pecten pubis and pubic crest)
- Upper border of pubic symphysis
Obturator internus originates (within/outside) pelvis and (enters/leaves) pelvis via (X).
Within; Leaves
X = lesser sciatic foramen
Neurovascular portal in lesser sciatic foramen can be found (superior/inferior/medial/lateral) to which muscle?
Medial to obturator internus
List the parts of levator ani.
- Iliococcygeus
2. Pubococcygeus
List the parts of Pubococcygeus.
- Pubococcygeus proper
- Pubovaginalis (F) or Levator prostatae (M)
- Puborectalis (with puborectal sling)
The deep dorsal vein of penis/clitoris reached (X) by running through which key gap?
X = pelvic venous plexus
Arcuate pubic ligament and transverse perineal ligament
Transverse perineal ligament is made from (anterior/posterior) thickening of:
Anterior; perineal membrane
List muscles involved in urethral sphincter complex.
- Deep transverse perineal
- Sphincter urethrae (aka external urethral sphincter)
- Compressor urethrae
List the muscles in deep perineal space.
- Sphincter and compressor urethrae
2. Deep transverse perineal
Which part of urethra (males) passes through deep perineal space?
Membranous
List nerves/vessels present in deep perineal space.
- Pudendal nerve
2. Internal pudendal vessels
T/F: Urethra present in deep perineal space in female.
True
T/F: Entire vagina present in deep perineal space in female.
False - only lower part
Superficial perineal space lies between (X) and (Y) in (urogenital/anal) triangle.
X = colles fascia Y = perineal membrane
Urogenital triangle only
T/F: erectile tissue of corpus cavernosum and spongiosum receive somatic motor innervation from pudendal nerve.
False - sensory innervation
The (X) serves as landmark in administration of pudendal nerve blocks.
X = ischial spine
Trace path of neural signals that stimulate penile/clitoris erection.
- S2-4 anterior rami
- Pelvic splanchnic nerves
- Inferior hypogastric plexus
- Vesicular and prostatic/uterovaginal plexuses to erectile tissues
Campers fatty layer is continuous between:
- Abdominal wall
- Thigh and gluteal
- Urogenital AND anal triangles
Extravasation of urine that results in swelling and discoloration in the penis and scrotum. Which part of urethra damaged?
Penile (urine in superficial perineal pouch)
Extravasation of urine into true pelvis. Which part of urethra damaged?
Prostatic
Extravasation of urine into deep perineal pouch. Which part of urethra damaged?
Membranous
(X) provides the MOST important support for the uterus
X = The pelvic diaphragm, particularly the levator ani
Abscess derived from a greater vestibular (Bartholin) gland cyst. What group of lymph nodes should be checked first for lymphadenitis?
Superficial inguinal nodes
The important (X) canal in ischioanal fossa is located at its (Y) border.
X = pudendal (or Alcock's) Y = lateral
To which of the following lymph nodes would prostatic cancer cells most likely metastasize initially?
Internal iliac nodes
In congenital case of double uterus, (X) embryologic structures failed to fuse.
X = paramesonephric ducts
(X) structure of female pelvis is continuation of camper’s fascia.
X = labia majora
The pectinate line of (X) is a point of demarcation between:
X = anal canal
Visceral (above) and somatic (below) innervation
Which portion of rectum supplied by pudendal nerve?
None
