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Body Structures TAP > 04a: Urinary System > Flashcards

04a: Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

The urogenital system arises from which intraembryonic layer?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

Wolfian ducts, aka (X) ducts, are part of (Y) system.

A 
X = mesonephric
Y = mesonephros
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3
Q

Muellerian ducts, aka (X) ducts, grow next to (Y), due to induction by (Z).

A 
X = paramesonephric
Y = mesonephric ducts
Z = mesonephros system
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4
Q

The (X) system, that represents the definitive kidneys, grew from (Y) system.

A 
X = metanephros
Y = mesonephros
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5
Q

In early development, one “sewer” called (X) serves as (inflow/outflow) for what?

A

X = cloaca

Outflow;
All (collective) waste

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6
Q

Which structures in urinary system are retroperitoneal? And intraperitoneal?

A

All are retroperitoneal

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7
Q

Two early versions of the kidney, (X) and (Y), develop. What’s their role upon formation of final kidney system?

A 
X = pronephros
Y = mesonephros

They regress

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8
Q

Mesonephric tubules are induced to form by (X). They empty into (Y).

A 
X = pronephros
Y = mesonephros
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9
Q

The (X) duct forms along craniocaudal gradient, attaching to (Y) at caudal end.

A 
X = mesonephric
Y = cloaca
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10
Q

The ureteric bud grows from (X) near (cranial/caudal) end.

A

X = mesonephric duct

Caudal (near cloaca)

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11
Q

The ureteric bud grows and branches to become (X). Its branches interact with (Y).

A 
X = collecting duct system of kidney
Y = metanephric blastema cells
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12
Q

(X) induces formation of (Y) tubules, which form parts of nephron.

A

X = interaction between ureteric buds and metanephric blastema

Y = renal

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13
Q

Metanephric kidneys first develop in (X) region. They then move (cranially/caudally) till which SC segment?

A

X = pelvic
Cranially;
T12/L1

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14
Q

Which embryonic structure forms function kidney units?

A

Metanephric blastema

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15
Q

(X) cells, that will become eggs/sperm, migrate from and to which locations in embryo? They travel via (Y).

A

X = primordial germ cells

From yolk sac to posterior body wall

Y = dorsal mesentery

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16
Q

Arrival of PCGs to (X) induces (Y) to form (Z). This then induces formation of:

A 
X = posterior body wall
Y = mesonephros
Z = pair of genital ridges

Formation of primitive sex cords

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17
Q

At about the same time as formation of genital ridges, (X) ducts form just (medial/lateral) to (Y) ducts.

A

X = paramesonephric

Lateral;

Y = mesonephric

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18
Q

The indifferent stage has “(X) pipes and a (Y)”. What does that refer to?

A 
X = 6
Y = sewer

Pairs of mesonephric, paramesoneprhic, and metanephros; all empty into cloaca

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19
Q

The collecting system of adult kidney includes:

A
  1. Minor and major calyces
  2. Renal pelvis
  3. Ureter
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20
Q

What are the two layers of adult kidney? Star the outer layer.

A
  1. Cortex*

2. Medulla

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21
Q

(X) are medullary extensions of the cortex. What’s their function?

A

X = columns of kidney

Anchor cortex

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22
Q

“Pyramids” of kidney refers to:

A

Medulla

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23
Q

What stops the (descent/ascent) of the developing kidney?

A

Ascent;

Suprarenal glands are reached

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24
Q

During development, the kidneys move (inferiorly/superiorly), (medically/laterally), and rotate (X) degrees so that (Y) structure faces midline.

A

Superiorly; laterally;

X = 90
Y = renal pelvis
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25
Q

T/F: As developing kidneys move, they are progressively revascularized by different arterial branches.

A

True

26
Q

Bifid renal pelvis and ureter arises from:

A

Too much division of ureteric bud

27
Q

In horseshoe kidney, (X) hinders their migration during development. How?

A

X = IMA

Their fused inferior poles get caught on it

28
Q

An ectopic pelvic kidney is condition in which:

A

Kidney fails to ascend

29
Q

T/F: both kidneys are located on same horizontal plane in adult.

A

False - left is higher (due to liver on right side)

30
Q

Gerota’s capsule is a name for (X), which surrounds:

A

X = renal fascia

  1. Kidney
  2. Adrenal gland
  3. Layer of surrounding perirenal fat
31
Q

Renal fascia fuses (anteriorly/posteriorly/medically/laterally) with (X).

A

Posteromedially;

Muscular fascia of psoas major and quadratus lumborum

32
Q

List the renal vessels and their origin (arteries) or destination (veins).

A
  1. L/R renal arteries (aorta)

2. L/R renal veins (IVC)

33
Q

List the suprarenal arteries and their origins.

A
  1. Superior (inferior phrenic)
  2. Middle (aorta)
  3. Inferior (renal artery)
34
Q

Renal veins are (anterior/posterior/adjacent) to renal arteries.

A

Anterior

35
Q

Ureters pass (anterior/posterior) to gonadal vessels.

A

Posterior

36
Q

Ureters are (X) tubes that pass (over/under) pelvic brim at which landmark?

A

X = muscular

Over;
Location where common iliac a bifurcates

37
Q

Ureters are constricted at which locations?

A
  1. Junction of ureter and renal pelvis
  2. Crossing brim of pelvic inlet
  3. Passage of wall into bladder
38
Q

The sites of ureter constriction can be problematic in which clinical scenario?

A

Kidney stones (Nephrolithiasis)

39
Q

List nearby autonomic plexuses that innervate ureters

A
  1. Renal
  2. Aortic
  3. Superior and inferior hypogastric
40
Q

Ureters are very sensitive to which type of force?

A

Stretch

41
Q

Pain from ureters follows (parasym/sympathetic) pathway to (X) SC region. Which quadrant is pain felt in?

A

Sympathetic;
T10-L1;

Lower quadrant (inguinal region)

42
Q

Cloaca is eventually divided into (X) and (Y) by (Z) septum.

A 
X = urogenital sinus
Y = rectum
Z = urorectal
43
Q

Median umbilical ligament was a fibrous band called (X), that was a tube in embryo called (Y).

A 
X = urachus
Y = Allantois
44
Q

Connection of bladder and ureters occurs when (X) invaginates (anterior/posterior/lateral) bladder wall and brings (Y) into wall.

A

X = mesonephric duct
Posterior;
Y = ureteric buds

45
Q

During connection of ureters and bladder, the (X) duct is carried inferiorly to the level of (Y).

A 
X = mesonephric
Y = pelvic urethra
46
Q

Upon connection of ureters and bladder, a (X)-shape characterizes the area between the ureters and (Y).

A 
X = trigone (triangular)
Y = urethral opening
47
Q

The bladder sits immediately posterior to which pelvic landmark?

A

Pubic symphysis

48
Q

Peritoneum is found immediately (below/enveloping/above) bladder.

A

Above

49
Q

Internal urethral sphincter is composed of (X) muscle, which is (smooth/striated) and under (somatic/autonomic) nervous control.

A

X = (continuation of) detrusor (bladder)
Both smooth and striated;
Autonomic

50
Q

External urethral sphincter is composed of (smooth/striated) muscle and under (somatic/autonomic) nervous control.

A

Striated (skeletal);

Somatic

51
Q

Urinary incontinence affects (X)% of adults and can present in which forms?

A

X = 10-35

  1. Urge incontinence
  2. Stress incontinence
52
Q

Involuntary urine loss resulting from detrusor overactivity.

A

Urge incontinence

53
Q

Involuntary urine loss resulting from weakness of sphincters.

A

Stress incontinence

54
Q

(X) structure is shorter in (males/females), contributing to increased prominence of urinary incontinence in that population.

A

X = urethra

Females

55
Q

Infants in utero swallow and excrete (X). This process contributes to normal development of (Y).

A 
X = amniotic fluid
Y = fetal lungs
56
Q

Polyhydramnios refers to:

A

Fetus not swallowing enough amniotic fluid in utero

57
Q

Polyhydramnios can eventually cause:

A

Early rupture of amniotic membrane (pre-term labor)

58
Q

Oligohyrdramnios refers to:

A

Too little amniotic fluid surrounding fetus (may not be excreting it or may be placental problems)

59
Q

Anhyrdramnios refers to:

A

Absent amniotic fluid surrounding fetus

60
Q

Persistent oligohydramnios results in (X), which can lead to (Y) and, if severe, can be fatal.

A 
X = pulmonary hypoplasia
Y = respiratory distress

Body Structures TAP (12 decks)

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