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Body Structures TAP > 02a: Heart Development > Flashcards

02a: Heart Development Flashcards

1
Q

Primordial heart cells originate in (X), migrate through (Y) between (ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm) layers.

A 
X = epiderm
Y = primitive streak

Between endoderm and ectoderm layers

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2
Q

Primordial heart cells migrate (rostrally/caudally) and eventually position themselves (rostral/caudal) to (X) in which post-gastrulation layer?

A

Rostrally;
rostral to
X = oropharyngeal membrane
In splanchnic (lateral) mesoderm

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3
Q

Primary heart field will form:

A
  1. Atria
  2. LV
  3. Part of RV
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4
Q

Secondary heart field will form:

A
  1. Part of RV

2. Outflow tracks (conus cordis, truncus arteriosus)

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5
Q

Fusion of (X) tubes to form heart tube occurs after (Y) event.

A 
X = endocardial
Y = lateral body folding
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6
Q

Heart tube has inner (X) and outer (Y) layer.

A 
X = endothelial lining
Y = myocardial
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7
Q

Cardiac jelly found between which layers in heart tube?

A

Endothelial (inner) and myocardial (outer)

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8
Q

(X) forms the epicardium of the heart.

A

X = mesothelium and underlying CT

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9
Q

Any organ suspended in intraembryonic cavity will be lined by:

A

Mesothelium

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10
Q

Head folding translocates developing endocardial tubes from (X) to (Y).

A 
X = region cranial to neural plate
Y = thoracic region
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11
Q

Epicardium, aka (X), is responsible for forming (Y).

A 
X = serous pericardium
Y = coronary arteries
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12
Q

Primordial heart tube receives venous drainage at (caudal/cranial) pole and pumps blood out at (caudal/cranial) pole.

A

Caudal; cranial

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13
Q

Primordial heart tube is attached to (X) side of pericardial cavity by (Y).

A 
X = dorsal
Y = dorsal mesocardium
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14
Q

Fate of dorsal mesocardium.

A

Central portion breaks down and gives rise to transverse pericardial cavity

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15
Q

Cranial end of primary heart tube is attached to (X). Caudal end is attached to (Y).

A 
X = pharyngeal arches
Y = septum transversum
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16
Q

As heart tube continues to elongate, it forms (X) number of dilations. List them, from caudal to cranial.

A

X = 5

  1. Sinus venosus
  2. Primitive atrium
  3. Primitive ventricle
  4. Bulbus cordis
  5. Truncus arteriosus
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17
Q

Primitive atrium will eventually contribute to:

A
  1. All LA

2. Trabeculated part of RA

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18
Q

Primitive ventricle will eventually contribute to:

A

Trabeculated part of LV

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19
Q

Primitive proximal bulbus cordis will eventually contribute to:

A

Trabeculated part of RV

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20
Q

Primitive distal bulbus cords, aka (X), will eventually contribute to:

A

X = conus cordis

Smooth parts of RV and LV

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21
Q

Primitive truncus arteriosus will eventually contribute to:

A

Proximal ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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22
Q

T/F: Heart tube is asymmetrical throughout development.

A

False - bilaterally symmetrical in early development

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23
Q

T/F: Cells from secondary heart field will eventually become incorporated into primary heart field.

A

True

24
Q

(X) area(s) of primitive heart will undergo rapid growth and the heart will undergo (Y) looping.

A 
X = proximal bulbus cordis and primitive ventricle
Y = dextral
25
Q

During cardiac looping, proximal bulbus cords is displaced in which directions?

A

Caudally, ventrally, and to the right

26
Q

During cardiac looping, primitive ventricle is displaced in which directions?

A

To the left

27
Q

During cardiac looping, primitive atrium is displaced in which directions?

A

Dorsally and cranially

28
Q

GENERAL direction of cardiac looping in cephalic portion of heart tube.

A

Caudally, ventrally, to the right

29
Q

GENERAL direction of cardiac looping in caudal portion of heart tube.

A

Cranially, dorsally, to the left

30
Q

Primitive inflow of blood to heart initially supplied by (X) pairs of major veins that enter (Y)

A 
X = 3
Y = sinus venosus
31
Q

List the primitive inflow vessels associated with heart tube. Star those, if any, carrying oxygenated blood.

A
  1. Vitelline veins
  2. Umbilical veins*
  3. Common cardinal veins
32
Q

Vitelline veins carry (oxygenated/deoxygenated) blood from (X).

A

Deoxygenated;

X = yolk sac/intestinal area

33
Q

Umbilical veins carry (oxygenated/deoxygenated) blood from (X).

A

Oxygenated;

X = placenta

34
Q

Common cardinal veins carry (oxygenated/deoxygenated) blood from (X).

A

Deoxygenated;

X = entire embryo (into heart)

35
Q

Upon remodeling of the heart’s inflow end, sometime in weeks 4-8, what changes occur?

A

All systemic blood flows into future right atrium

36
Q

Fate of vitelline veins.

A

Form:

  1. Portion of IVC
  2. Portal vein
  3. Splenic vein
  4. Superior and inferior mesenteric veins
37
Q

Fate of umbilical veins.

A

Right: regresses
Left: continues to carry oxygenated blood from placenta to embryo

38
Q

Fate of cardinal veins.

A

Form:

  1. Brachiocephalic vein
  2. SVC and part of IVC
39
Q

List adult remnants of left sinus horn, which is part of (X).

A

X = sinus venosus

  1. Oblique vein of LA
  2. Coronary sinus
40
Q

List adult remnants of right sinus horn, which is part of (X).

A

X = sinus venosus

Incorporated into RA as:

  1. Sinus venarum (smooth-walled portion)
  2. IVC and coronary sinus valves
  3. Crista terminalis
41
Q

In fetal circulation, (X) supplies fetus with (Y)% oxygenated blood from (Z).

A 
X = umbilical vein
Y = 80
Z = placenta
42
Q

In fetal circulation, most blood to liver will:

A

flow through ductus venosum, directly to IVC

43
Q

In fetal circulation, most blood entering RA will:

A

pass directly to LA via oval foramen

44
Q

In fetal circulation, blood entering LA, and then exiting to (X), is (well/partially/poorly)-oxygenated.

A

X = head and neck (via ascending aorta)

Well-oxygenated

45
Q

In fetal circulation: Since (X) resistance is high, some blood entering RA and (Y) will get shunted by (Z) to the (ascending/descending) aorta.

A 
X = pulmonary
Y = pulmonary trunk
Z = ductus arteriosus

Descending aorta

46
Q

In fetal circulation, blood flows bak to the placenta via:

A

Umbilical arteries

47
Q

After birth, which event causes constricted pulmonary vessels to open?

A

Alveoli fill with air

48
Q

Adult remnant of umbilical vein.

A

Ligamentum teres

49
Q

Adult remnant of ductus venosus.

A

Ligamentum venosum

50
Q

Adult remnant of ductus arteriosus.

A

Ligamentum arteriosus

51
Q

Adult remnant of umbilical arteries.

A

Proximal: superior vesical artery
Distal: Medial umbilical ligaments

52
Q

Lung development begins with (ventral/dorsal) foregut forming (X).

A

Ventral;

X = respiratory diverticulum

53
Q

Which part of respiratory system, if any, is derived from endoderm?

A

Only the epithelium that lines larynx, trachea, bronchi, etc.

54
Q

(Most/all) of respiratory system derived from:

A

Most; splanchnic mesoderm

except epithelial lining, derived from endoderm

55
Q

(X) structure develops and divides trachea/lung buds from (Y).

A 
X = tracheoesophageal septum
Y = esophagus
56
Q

In development of lungs, (X) covering outside of lung will eventually develop into visceral pleura and (Y) covering body wall will develop into parietal pleura.

A

X = Y = mesoderm

Body Structures TAP (12 decks)

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