05. Muscular System (Myology) Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
What are the 3 types of muscles?
A
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
2
Q
Which type of muscle is this:
- Fibers: striated, tubular and multi nucleated
- Voluntary
- Usually attached to skeleton
A
Skeletal muscle
3
Q
Which type of muscle is this:
- Fibers: non-striated, spindle-shaped, and uninucleated
- Involuntary
- Usually covering wall of internal organs
A
Smooth muscle
4
Q
Which type of muscle is this:
- Fibers: striated, branched and uninucleated
- Involuntary
- Only covering walls of the heart
A
Cardiac muscle
5
Q
Which type of muscle is this:
- Specialized tissue
- Attached to the bones
- Allows movement
A
Skeletal muscle
6
Q
For skeletal muscles: most muscles originate or
insert on the what?
A
Skeleton
7
Q
What is the origin of the skeletal muscles?
A
The fixed point of attachment
8
Q
What is the termination (insertion) of the skeletal muscles?
A
The moving point of attachment
9
Q
What is the belly of the muscle?
A
Central body of the muscle
Spindle-shaped and tendons at the ends
10
Q
A collagenous band connecting a skeletal muscle to an element of the skeleton
A
Tendons
11
Q
What is this:
- A thin sheath of connective tissue that helps connect muscles to bones
- Support muscles and give body strength and
stability - Support muscles and give body strength and
stability
A
Aponeurosis
12
Q
What is this:
- Connective tissue found under the skin.
- Connects different bones, organs, and other soft tissues together.
A
Fascia
13
Q
What are the types of subcutaneous tissue?
A
Fascia
Adipose Tissue
14
Q
What is this:
- Body fat
- Loose connective tissue
composed of adipocytes
A
Adipose tissue
15
Q
What are the basis for
naming skeletal muscles?
A
- Shape and location
- Divisions and attachments
- Direction of the fibers
- Superficial or deep
- Size
- Action
16
Q
What are the actions a muscle can be shaped after?
A
- Flexion and extension
- Abduction and adduction
- Supination and pronation
- Eversion and inversion
- Constriction and dilation
- Elevation and depression
- Rotation
- Circumduction
17
Q
What are some muscles named after shapes?
A
- Orbicularis oculi
- Orbicularis oris
- Trapezius
- Deltoid
- Romboid
18
Q
What are some muscles named after their location?
A
- Temporalis
- Infraspinatus
- Supraspinatus
- Occipitofrontalis
- Vastus Lateralis
- Tibialis anterior
- Tibialis posterior
19
Q
For muscles named after their origin and insertion, the first part of the name is the what? The second part of the name indicates what?
A
Origin
Insertion
20
Q
Describes fascicle orientation within muscle
A
Direction of the fibers
21
Q
What are some muscles named after the direction of the fibers?
A
- Rectus (straight) abdominis
- Transversus abdominis,
- Superior oblique
22
Q
What is Externus (superficialis)?
A
Visible at body surface
23
Q
What is Internus (profundus)?
A
Deep muscles
24
Q
What are Extrinsic muscles?
A
Muscles outside an organ
25
What are Intrinsic muscles?
Muscles inside an organ
26
Size:
- Longus = long
- Longissimus = longest
- Teres = long and round
- Brevis = short
- Magnus = large
- Major = larger
- Maximus = largest
- Minor = small
- Minimus = smallest
*
27
What is the location of the Occipitofrontalis Muscle (Epicranius)?
Covers the top of the skull
28
What are the actions of the Occipitofrontalis Muscle (Epicranius)?
* Draws scalp posteriorly and anteriorly.
* Raises eyebrows
* Causes wrinkles to form on forehead
29
How many Temporalis Muscles do we have?
2
30
What is the location of the Temporalis Muscles?
- Temporal cavity
- Inserts into coronoid process of mandible
31
What are the actions of the Temporalis Muscles?
* Muscle of mastication.
* Closes the mandible.
* Assists in side‐to‐side movement of mandible
32
How many Masseter Muscles do we have?
2
33
What is the location of the Masseter Muscles?
- Arising from the zygomatic arch
- Inserting into the mandible
34
What are the actions of the Masseter Muscles?
Muscle of mastication
Closes the mandible
35
How many Orbicularis oculi muscles do we have?
2
36
What is the location of the Orbicularis oculi muscle?
- Sphincter muscle surrounding the eye socket
37
What are the actions of the Orbicularis oculi muscle?
- Closes eyelids
- Compresses lacrimal sac
38
How many Corrugator Supercilii muscles do we have?
2
39
What is the location of the Corrugator Supercilii muscle?
- Pyramid shaped muscle
- Beneath frontalis & orbicularis oculi muscles
40
What are the actions of the Corrugator Supercilii muscle?
- Draws eyebrows inferiorly and medially
- Known as the frowning muscles
41
How many Levator palpebrae superioris muscles do we have?
2
42
What is the location of the Levator palpebrae superioris muscle?
Inside eye socket, superior to tarsal plate of eyelid
43
What is the action of the Levator palpebrae superioris muscle?
Raises upper eyelid
44
How many Procerus muscles do we have?
1
45
What is the location of the Procerus muscle?
Covers the bridge of the nose
46
What are the actions of the Procerus muscle?
- Draws skin of the forehead inferiorly
- Causes transverse and vertical wrinkles in the forehead
47
How many Orbicularis oris muscles do we have?
1
48
What is the location of the Orbicularis oris muscle?
Flat band of muscles in upper and lower red lips and integumentary lips
49
What is the action of the Orbicularis oris muscle?
- Closes lips
- Compresses lips against teeth
- Shapes lips during speech
50
How many Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscles do we have?
1
51
What is the location of the Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle?
-Upper frontal process of the maxilla
- Inserts into the skin of the lateral part of the nostril and upper lip
52
What is the action of the Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle?
Rises upper lip
Dilates nostrils
53
How many Levator labii superioris muscles do we have?
2
54
What is the origin of the Levator labii superioris muscle?
Zygomatic process of the maxilla, maxillary process of the zygomatic bone
55
What is the insertion of the Levator labii superioris muscle?
Blends with the muscles of the upper lip
56
What are the actions of the Levator labii superioris muscle?
Elevates upper lip
Exposes maxillary teeth
57
How many Zygomaticus minor muscles do we have?
2
58
What is the location of the Zygomaticus minor muscle?
Lateral surface of the zygomatic bone
Inserts to upper lip
59
What is the action of the Zygomaticus minor muscle?
Retracts and elevates upper lip
60
How many Zygomaticus major muscles do we have?
2
61
What's the official name of the "laughing muscle?"
Zygomaticus major muscle
62
What is the location of the Zygomaticus major muscle?
Lateral surface of the zygomatic bone
Inserts at angle of mouth
63
What is the action of the Zygomaticus major muscle?
Retracts and elevates the corner of the mouth?
64
How many Levator anguli oris muscles do we have?
2
65
What is the location of the Levator anguli oris muscle?
Canine fossa (above angles of the lips)
Inserts at angle of the mouth
66
What is the action of the Levator anguli oris muscle?
Elevates angle of the mouth
67
How many Risorius muscles do we have?
2
68
What is the proper name of the "false smile muscle"?
Risorius muscle
69
What is the location of the Risorius muscle?
Masseteric fascia
Inserts to skin at angle of mouth
70
What is the action of the Risorius muscle?
Pulls angle of mouth laterally
71
How many Depressor anguli oris muscles do we have?
2
72
What is the proper name for the Triangularis muscle?
Depressor anguli oris muscle
73
What is the location of the Depressor anguli oris muscle?
Base of mandible
Insert to skin of angle of mouth
74
What is the action of the Depressor anguli oris muscle?
Pulls angle of mouth downward
75
How many Depressor labii inferioris muscles do we have?
2
76
What is the official name of the quadratus muscle?
Depressor labii inferioris muscle
77
What is the location of the Depressor labii inferioris muscle?
Base of the mandible
Inserts to skin of lower lip
78
What is the action of the Depressor labii inferioris muscle?
Pulls lower lip downward and forward
79
How many Mentalis muscles do we have?
2
80
What is the location of the Mentalis muscle?
Incisive fossa of mandible
Inserts to skin of chin
81
What are the actions of the Mentalis muscle?
- Produces small dimples on chin
- Elevates & protrudes inferior lip
82
How many
Platysma muscles do we have?
2
83
What is the location of the
Platysma muscle?
Skin and fascia covering lower neck
Inserts to base of mandible and angle of mouth
84
What is the action of the
Platysma muscle?
Tenses and wrinkles skin of lower face and skin
Depresses mandible and and angle of mouth
85
How many Sternocleidomastoid muscles do we have?
2
86
What is the location of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?
- Mandible of sternum and sternal end of clavicle
- Inserts to mastoid process of temporal bone
- Marks the widest part of the neck
87
What is the action of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?
- Neck flexion
- Head rotation
88
How many Digastric muscles do we have?
2
89
What's the official name of the "two bellies" muscle?
Digastric muscle
90
What is the location of the Digastric muscle?
- Under the mandible
- Connects the mandible, hyoid bone, and temporal bone
91
What is the action of the Digastric muscle?
- Stabilizes the hyoid bone while swallowing
- Draws the hyoid bone superiorly
92
Which muscle is this:
- Large superficial back muscle
- It extends from the external protuberance of the occipital bone
- To the lower thoracic vertebrae
- Laterally to the spine of the scapula
Trapezius muscle
93
What muscle is this:
- One of the largest muscles of the back
- Covers the lumbar and lower half of the dorsal region
- Inserts into the humerus
Latissimus dorsi
94
What muscle is this:
- Superior most and largest muscle of the anterior chest wall
- A thick, fan shaped muscle that lies underneath the breast
Pectoralis major
95
What muscle is this:
- Small muscle located in between each rib
- Starting at the 1st rib and extending down to the 11th rib
External intercostals
96
What muscle is this:
* Accessory respiratory musculature.
* Fill intercostal spaces
Internal intercostals
97
What muscle is this:
* Known as a six pack muscle.
* Largest muscle of the abdominal wall.
* Posture muscle.
* Responsible for flexing the lumbar spine.
Rectus abdominis
98
What muscle is this:
* Located in lumbar region
T12‐L5
* Lateral to lumbar vertebrae.
Psoas major
99
What muscle is this:
* Dome‐shaped muscle.
* Located below the lungs and heart.
* Major muscle of respiration
Diaphragm (phrenic muscle)
100
What does the Diaphragm (phrenic muscle) attach to?
Sternum
Bottom of rib cage
Spine
101
What muscle is this:
* Large triangular‐shaped muscle
* Over the glenohumeral joint
Deltoid
102
What are the 3 distinct portions of the deltoid muscle?
Anterior (clavicle)
Middle (acromial)
Posterior (spinal)
103
What muscle is this:
* Rotator and adductor of the humerus.
* Runs along the lateral border of the scapula.
* Runs parallel to the fibers of the latissimus dorsi.
* Both insert to the lesser tubercle of the humerus.
Teres major
104
What are the upper extremities?
* Biceps brachii
* Brachialis
* Triceps brachii
* Coracobrachialis
105
Of the forearm, how many intrinsic muscles (located entirely within the hand) do we have?
19
106
True or false:
these statements are about the extrinsic muscles of the forearm:
* Muscles bellies lie proximal to the wrist
* Originate in the forearm
* Insert within the hand
True
107
Of the forearm, how many extrinsic muscles do we have?
24
108
What muscles are on the anterior aspect of the forearm?
* Pronator teres
* Flexor carpi radialis
* Flexor carpi ulnaris
* Flexor digitorum superficialis
109
What muscles are on the posterior aspect of the forearm?
* Brachioradialis
* Extensor carpi radialis
* Extensor digitorum
* Extensor digit minimi
* Extensor carpi ulnaris
110
What muscle is this:
* Largest and heaviest muscle.
* The most superficial of the three gluteal muscles.
* Makes up a large part of the shape and appearance of the hips.
Gluteus maximus
111
What muscle is this:
* Flexes the hip
* Externally rotates the hip
* Abducts the hip
* Flexes and externally rotates the knee
Sartorius
112
What are the lower leg posterior muscles?
Gastrocnemius
* Soleus
* Calcaneal (Achilles) Tendon
