09. Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
What is included in the alimentary canal?
A
Mouth (Oral or Buccal cavity)
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
2
Q
What are some accessory organs?
A
Teeth
Tongue
Salivary Glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
3
Q
What is the mouth formed by?
A
Cheeks
Lips (labia)
Hard palate
Soft palate
4
Q
What does the mouth receive?
A
Food and saliva
5
Q
What does the mouth initiate?
A
Digestion
6
Q
What is this:
- Accessory organs
- Cutting and shearing food
- Secured in sockets (alveoli) of maxillary and mandibular bones
A
Teeth
7
Q
What is this:
- Accessory organ of digestion
- Manipulates food
- Assists in deglution
- Senses the taste of food
A
Tongue
8
Q
What is this:
- Accessory organs of digestion
- 3 paired glands
A
Salivary glands
9
Q
Which salivary gland is this: Stensen’s duct
(Biggest size)
A
Parotid
10
Q
Which salivary gland is this: Wharton’s duct (medium size)
A
Submandibular
11
Q
Which salivary gland is this: Rivinus’ duct (smallest)
A
Sublingal
12
Q
What are the functions of Salivary Glands?
A
- Secretion of saliva (1,000-1,500 ml/day)
- Cleansing teeth
- Facilitate swallowing
- Initialing digestion
- Formation of bolus
- Dissolve food chemicals
13
Q
What is the location of the pharynx?
A
From nose to the top of esophagus
14
Q
What is the structure of the pharynx?
A
Throat
Made of muscles
Lined with mucous membranes
15
Q
What structure has air only?
A
Nasopharynx
16
Q
What structure has the passage of food and air?
A
Oropharynx
17
Q
What structure has the food passage and air?
A
Laryngopharynx
18
Q
What is the common passageway for food, liquids, and air?
A
Pharynx
19
Q
Pharyngeal constrictors
push the bolus toward the what?
A
Esophagus
20
Q
What initiates the swallowing process?
A
Pharynx
21
Q
The esophagus is from the what to the what?
A
pharynx (c6)
stomach (t7)
22
Q
What is the structure of the esophagus?
A
- Fibromuscular tubular portion
of digestive tract - 25 cm (1 ft) long
- 2 cm (0.75 in.) diameter
23
Q
What are the layers of the esophagus? (from middle inner to outer)
A
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis
- Adventitia
24
Q
What are the functions of the esophagus?
A
- Transport food and liquids entering
the mouth through the throat and into the stomach. - Prevents reflux of gastric contents into esophagus.
25
What are characteristics of the stomach?
- Pouchlike digestive organ
- Between esophagus and duodenum
- In the upper left quadrant of abdominal cavity
- Immediately below diaphragm
26
What are the important parts of the stomach?
- J-shaped (T7-L3)
- Cardiac sphincter (meaning it's close to the heart)
- Fundus
- Body
- Lesser curvature
- Greater curvature
- Pylorus
- Pyloric sphincter
27
What are the layers of the stomach?
- Mucosa (inside and lubricated)
- Submucosa
- Muscularis
- Serosa (aka adventitia)
- Rugae (helps stomach stretch) (arrugas - wrinkles)
28
What are the functions of the stomach?
- Aid digestion
food absorption
protein and fat digestion
- Reservoir
- Acid secretion
- Enzyme secretion
- Gastrointestinal motility
29
What is this:
- Occupies all abdominal regions except the left hypochondriac and epigastric regions
- Average 6m (20ft) in length
- Diameter:
4cm (1.6in) at the stomach
2.5cm (1in) at the junction with large intestine
Small intestine
30
What are the structures of the small intestine? **
Duodenum (beginning of small intestine) (looks like a c) (inside is the pancreas)
Jejunum (the portion that goes all over the cavity)
Ileum (iliac crest is where it rests, right at the tip)
31
What is this:
* C‐shaped
* Shortest and widest segment
* 25 cm (10 in.)
* Anterior to right kidney
* Anterior to upper three lumbar vertebrae.
* Mixing bowl
* Receives chyme from stomach and digestive
secretions from pancreas and liver.
Duodenum
32
What is this:
* Chemical and mechanical breakdown
of chyme.
* Absorption of nutrients
* Transports of undigested material to
large intestine.
* About 2.5 m (8 ft) in length.
* Suspended from posterior wall of
peritoneum—mesentery.
Jejunum
33
What is this:
* The immune sensors of the intestine.
* Form circular or oval patches.
* Largest and most numerous in the ileum.
* Fight against infections in ileum.
Peyer's Patches
34
What are the functions of the small intestine?
Plays primary role in digestion and absorption of nutrients
35
What is this:
* Horseshoe‐shaped
* Begins at the end of the ileum and ends
at the anus
* Inferior to the stomach and liver
* Almost completely frames small intestine
Large Intestine
36
How big is the large intestine?
* 1.5 m (5 ft) length
* 7.5 cm (3 in) width
37
What three parts is the large intestine divided into?
- Cecum
- Colon
- Rectum
38
What is this:
* First portion of large intestine, appears as a pouch
* Collects and stores material arriving from ileum
* Begins compaction.
Cecum
39
What is this:
* Approximately 9 cm (3.5 in).
* Size and shape are variable.
* Functions as part of the
lymphatic system.
Vermiform Appendix
40
What is this:
- Last 15 cm (6 in) of
digestive tract.
- Expandable organ for
temporary storage of
fecal material.
Rectum
41
What is this:
* Last portion of rectum.
* Contains small longitudinal
folds—anal columns.
* Ends at anus.
Anal Canal
42
What are the functions of the Large Intestine?
* Reabsorption of water and electrolytes
* Compaction of intestinal contents into feces
* Absorption of important vitamins produced
by bacterial action
* Storing of fecal material before defecation
43
Where is the liver located?
* Right hypochondriac region
* Epigastric region
44
What is the liver structure?
* Largest visceral organ
* Reddish‐brown organ
* Very soft and flaccid
* Largest gland of body
* Weights 1.5 kg (3.3 lbs)
45
What is this:
* Fibrous structure
* Connects the anterior part of the liver to the ventral wall of the abdomen.
Falciform ligament
46
What marks the path of the fetal umbilical vein?
Round ligament (Ligamentum teres)
47
What are the functions of the liver?
* More than 200 different functions.
* Production of bile
(One liter per day)
* Detoxification
(Extract absorbed nutrients or toxins from blood.)
48
Where is the gallbladder located?
* Right side of the abdomen
* Beneath the liver
In the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver.
49
What is the Gallbladder structure?
* About 1 inch wide and 3 inches long.
* Hollow, pear‐shaped muscular organ.
* Three regions
* Fundus
* Body
* Neck
50
What is the gallbladder function?
* Bile storage
- Liquid produced by liver to help digest fat.
* Bile release
* Bile flow regulation
* Bile pH regulation
51
What is this:
* Left hepatic duct
* Right hepatic duct
* Common hepatic bile duct
* Cystic duct (from gallbladder)
* Hepato‐pancreatic duct
Biliary tract (system)
52
What is the function of the Biliary tract?
Drains bile into duodenum
(Ampulla of Vater)
53
Abdominal gland with a digestive (exocrine) and
hormonal (endocrine) function
Pancreas
54
What is this:
* Group of cell in the pancreas.
* Make hormone insulin
Pancreatic islets (Islets of Langerhans)
