1. Introduction and Orientation

Question 1

What are the subdivisions of Anatomy?

Answer 1

Cytology
Histology
Gross Anatomy
Systemic Anatomy
Regional (Topographical) Anatomy
Pathological Anatomy

Question 2

Involves examining cells from bodily tissues or fluids to determine a diagnosis

Answer 2

Cytology

Question 3

The microscopic study of tissues and organs through sectioning, staining, and examining those sections under a microscope

Answer 3

Histology

Question 4

Deals with the structures of the body that are visible to the naked eye by means of cadaveric dissections

Answer 4

Gross Anatomy

Question 5

Subdivides the body into organ systems that work together towards a common goal or function

Examples: integumentary, digestive, skeletal, muscular

Answer 5

Systemic Anatomy

Question 6

The study of anatomy based on regions or divisions of the body, emphasizing the relations between various structures (muscles, nerves, and arteries) in that region
A part (section) of a system

Answer 6

Regional (Topographical) Anatomy

Question 7

A branch of pathology and medicine that deals with the diagnosis of diseases based on the macroscopic examination of surgical and microscopic parts for the examination of cells and tissues

Answer 7

Pathological Anatomy

Question 8

What is Anatomical Position?

Answer 8

Body is erect
Upper limbs hand at the side
Palms facing forward
Fingers extended
Feet flat on the floor
Face straight ahead

Question 9

What is Anterior (Ventral)?

Answer 9

Towards the front
Before or in front of
Direction which denotes the front or forward part

Question 10

What is Posterior (Dorsal)?

Answer 10

Towards the back
Behind
Position of direction towards the back

Question 11

What is Superior (Cranial/Cephalad)?

Answer 11

Anatomically towards the head
More elevated in place or position

Question 12

What is Inferior (Caudal)?

Answer 12

Beneath
Lower in place or position
Undersurface of an organ
Indicating a structure below another structure
Towards feet

Question 13

What is Medial?

Answer 13

Nearer to the midline
Closer to the median place
Opposite of lateral position

Question 14

What is lateral?

Answer 14

Away from the middle of body
A position or direction away from the midline
Toward the sides

Question 15

What is the difference between Unilateral and Bilateral?

Answer 15

Unilateral is one side whereas bilateral is 2 sides

Question 16

What is the difference between Ipsilateral and Contralateral?

Answer 16

Ipsilateral is both on the same side of the body
Contralateral is both on the opposite sides of the body

Question 17

What is Proximal?

Answer 17

Closer to the trunk
Nearest point of attachment
Closer to the center of the body

Question 18

What is Distal?

Answer 18

Further from the attachment (trunk)

Question 19

What is internal?

Answer 19

A directional term that means inside or closer to the center of an organ or cavity

Question 20

What is external?

Answer 20

A directional term that means outside or further from the center of an organ or cavity

Question 21

What is Parietal?

Answer 21

Forming the wall of a cavity
The outside of the wall

Question 22

What is Visceral?

Answer 22

The inside of the wall, in contact with the organ that needs protection
Pertaining to the internal organs contained within a cavity

Question 23

What is Peripheral?

Answer 23

Pertaining to the outer surface of the body or body part
Located away from the center

Question 24

How many cranial nerves do we have?

Answer 24

12

Question 25

What is central?

Answer 25

Situated at or pertaining to a center or central point Starting point is the spinal cord

Question 26

What is superficial?

Answer 26

Closer to the surface Example: The skin is superficial to the bones The Ribs are superficial to the heart

Question 27

What is deep?

Answer 27

Below the surface Towards the central part of a structure Example: Lungs are deep to the ribs Ribs are deep to the skin

Question 28

What is Mid Sagittal (Median)?

Answer 28

An imaginary vertical line Divides the body equally (right down the middle)

Question 29

What does sagittal mean?

Answer 29

Greek Arrow Cut down the line

Question 30

What is the Sagittal plane?

Answer 30

Divides the body and its parts into right and left portions

Question 31

What is Para Sagittal?

Answer 31

The left and right portions of the divided line are unequal

Question 32

What is Transverse (Horizontal) Plane?

Answer 32

An imaginary plane that divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) sections Perpendicular to the coronal place and sagittal plane

Question 33

What is the Frontal (Coronal) Plane?

Answer 33

Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections

Question 34

What is the Oblique plane?

Answer 34

Slanting, Inclination Neither perpendicular or parallel The body is divided in a diagonal (45 degree) angle

Question 35

What are the Levels of Structural Organization?

Answer 35

Cell Tissue Organ System

Question 36

What is a cell?

Answer 36

The smallest, basic unit of life that is responsible for all of life's processes

Question 37

True or False: A cell can replicate itself independently

Answer 37

True

Question 38

What are the 4 basic types of tissues?

Answer 38

Epithelial Nervous Muscle Connective

Question 39

What is an organ? What do they do?

Answer 39

Made of 2+ tissues Works together to perform specific functions

Question 40

What is a system?

Answer 40

A group of organs interacting to perform a particular function

Question 41

What is Bilateral Symmetry?

Answer 41

An organism whose right and left halves are similar images of each other

Question 42

** LOOK AT THE BODY CAVITIES IMAGES

Question 43

What are the general body regions?

Answer 43

Head (Cranium and face) Neck (Cervical area) Trunk (Thorax, Abdomen, and Pelvis) Upper extremities (includes pectoral girdle) Lower extremities (includes pelvic girdle)