4a. Skeletal System :( Flashcards
1
Q
What is the name of the outer layer of the bone?
A
Periosteum
2
Q
What is the inside of the bone called?
A
- Trabecular (pl. trabeculae)
- Bone marrow
3
Q
What is the head of the long bone called?
A
Epiphysis
4
Q
What consist largely of spongy bone (cancellous or trabecular bone)?
A
Epiphysis
5
Q
What is the name of the shaft of a long bone?
A
Diaphysis
6
Q
What is the region of a long bone between epiphysis and diaphysis called?
A
Metaphysis
7
Q
What are the 5 functions of the bone?
A
Support
Storage of minerals and lipids
Blood cell production
Protection
Leverage
8
Q
What are the 6 classifications of bones?
A
Sutural bones
Irregular bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Long bones
Sesamoid bones
9
Q
How many bones are in the skull?
How many sections does the skull have?
A
22 bones
2 sections
10
Q
How many bones are in the cranium?
A
8 bones
11
Q
How many bones are in the face?
A
14 bones
12
Q
What are the ear ossicles in the skull? (* test question)
A
2 Malleus
2 Incus
2 Stapes
13
Q
Where is the frontal bone located?
A
Anterior to parietal bones
14
Q
What are the surfaces of the frontal bone?
A
Vertical: forehead
Horizontal: Anterior portion of the crown
15
Q
What parts of the frontal bone must we remember?
A
Frontal eminences (where forehead headache is)
Supraciliary arches (eyebrow bone)
Supraorbital margins (above eye socket opening)
Glabella (in between eyebrows)
Frontal sinuses (portion above middle of eyebrows)
16
Q
What does glabella mean?
A
Flat, without hair
17
Q
Where is the location of the Occipital bone?
A
Most posterior cranial bone
18
Q
What parts of the occipital bone must we remember?
A
Foramen magnum
Occipital protuberance (2) (one on the outside; bump in the back, one on inside)
Occipital condyles (2) (towards foramen magnum)
19
Q
What does condyle mean?
A
Doorknob
20
Q
How many parietal bones do we have?
A
2
21
Q
What is the location of the parietal bones?
A
Posterior to frontal bone
Anterior to occipital bone
Superior to temporal and sphenoid bones
22
Q
Where are the parietal eminences located?
A
Anatomically in regard to the ear
23
Q
True or False:
Parietal eminences are the widest part of the cranium
A
True
24
Q
How many temporal bones do we have?
A
2
25
What bone shows the passing of time?
Temporal
26
Where is the location of the temporal bones?
Inferior to parietal bone
Anterior to occipital of bone
27
What does squamous mean?
Area that looks like scales on a fish
28
Where is the petrous portion located?
Temporal bone
29
What ear ossicles are located in the petrous portion of the temporal bones?
Malleus (2)
Incus (2)
Stapes (2)
30
What is the carotid canal? Where is it located?
The internal carotid artery
Located in the petrous portion of the temporal bone
31
What does the mastoid process look like?
The teeter where cows get milked
32
Where is the location of the mastoid process?
Base of the skull; below and behind the ear
33
What is the significance of the mastoid process?
Earlobe
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
34
What is the mandibular (glenoid) fossa?
Depression in the temporal bone that articulates with the condyle of the mandible
35
What is the scientific term for the ear hole / opening?
Eternal auditory meatus
Eternal auditory canal
36
What is the passageway that leads from the outside of the head to the tympanic membrane, or eardrum membrane, of each ear
External auditory meatus
37
Long, arched process projecting from the anterior part of the temporal squamous part
Zygomatic process
38
What is the bridge that connects temporal bone to zygomatic bone?
zygomatic process
39
"Zygomatic process of the _________ and the temporal process of the _________"
Temporal bone
Zygomatic bone
40
Where is the location of the zygomatic arches?
Connection of both zygomatic process of temporal bone and temporal process of zygomatic bone
41
What is the significance of the zygomatic arches?
Widest part of the face
42
True or False:
Ethmoid bone is a lateral plate
False
It's a horizontal plate
43
What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?
Ethmoid bone
44
What closes the anterior part of the base of the cranium?
Ethmoid bone
45
A portion of the ethmoid bone located at the base of the skull
Cribriform plate
46
What does the cribriform plate support?
The olfactory bulb
47
What does the cribriform plate allow?
The passage of the olfactory nerves to the roof of the nasal cavity
48
What is the Crista galli named after?
The cresta de gallo (rooster mohawk)
49
A thick, midline, smooth triangular process arising from the superior surface of the ethmoid bone?
Crista galli
50
What does the Crista galli project into?
The anterior cranial fossa
51
What does the Crista galli separate?
The olfactory bulbs
52
A thin flattened lamina, polygonal in form
Perpendicular Plate (of the Ethmoid Bone)
53
What descends under the cribriform plate?
Perpendicular Plate
54
What does the Perpendicular Plate (of the Ethmoid Bone) assist in?
Forming the septum of the nose
55
Where are the Ethmoid sinuses situated?
Between orbits and nose
56
How are the Ethmoid Sinuses divided?
Into Anterior and Posterior
57
How many sphenoid bones do we have?
One
58
What bone is right after Ethmoid Bone?
Sphenoid Bone
59
What does the Sphenoid bone look like?
Bat
Moth
60
Where is the sphenoid bone located?
Anterior part of the base of the skull
Binds the other cranial bones together
61
What is the Sella tucica?
The part of the sphenoid bone that looks like a saddle
62
Where is the Sella tucica located?
At the base of the brain
63
What does the Sella tucica house?
The pituitary gland
(Hypophyseal fossa)
64
Why does the Sphenoid have many Sphenoid sinuses?
Because it makes the skull a little lighter
65
Filled sacs (empty spaces) on either side of the nasal cavity
Sphenoid sinuses
66
What do Sphenoid sinuses do?
Filter and clean the air breathed through the nose
67
Carry nerves and blood vessels of head and neck
Sphenoid foramena
68
What are the parts of the Sphenoid? (Know where they are)
Lesser wings
Body
Greater wings
Pterygoid process
69
What supports the soft tissue of the face?
Facial Skeleton (Viscerocranium)
70
How many nasal bones are there?
2
71
What is the location of the nasal bones?
Directly inferior to the glabella
72
What forms a dome (bridge) over the superior portion of the nasal cavity?
Nasal Bones
73
What's the significance of the nasal bones?
This area is used as a hidden injection point for tissue building the face
74
How many lacrimal bones are there?
2
75
Where are the lacrimal bones located?
Where the tear ducts are
76
What's the 3 significance of the lacrimal bones?
- A paired facial bone located in the medial wall of the orbit
- Supports the structures of the lacrimal apparatus
- Attachment for the orbicularis oculi muscle
77
How many Zygomatic (Malar) Bones are there?
2
78
What is the location of the Zygomatic bones?
Frontal and lateral planes of the face
Form interior and lateral surfaces of orbital cavity
79
What is the significance of the zygomatic bones?
Widest part of the anterior plane of the face
Acts as an area for blush cosmetics
80
How many Maxillae bones do we have?
2
81
Which bone is this:
- Bones of upper jaw
- Form most of the superior portion of the face
- Anterior root of the mouth
- Sides and floor of the nasal cavity
- Floor of the orbits
Maxillae
82
What are the 3 eminences of the maxillae?
Frontal processes of the maxilla
Nasal spine of the maxilla (right under nose)
Alveolar processes (openings for teeth)
83
How many palatine bones do we have?
2
84
A paired bone located between the maxillae and pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone
Palatine bones
85
What makes up a portion of the nasal cavity and palate?
Palatine bones
86
How many Vomer bones do we have?
1
87
One of the unpaired facial bones of the skull
Vomer bone
88
What forms the lower part of the nasal septum?
Vomer bone
89
What line is the vomer bone located?
In the midsagittal
90
What does the vomer bone articulate with?
The sphenoid, ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones
91
How many Inferior nasal conchae do we have?
2
92
What is the significance of the Inferior Nasal Conchae?
(Also known as the turbinates) are bony plates located on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
93
What warms and humidifies air as it passes to the lungs?
Inferior Nasal Conchae
94
How many mandible bones do we have?
1
95
What is the strongest bone of the lower part of the face?
Mandible
96
What is the location of the mandible bone?
Inferior to the maxilla
97
What are the Divisions of the body? (And their subdivisions)?
Body of the mandible
- Mental eminences
- Alveolar processes
- Incisive fossa
Ramus (2)
- Coronoid process
- Mandibular condyle
- Mandibular notch
Angle of the mandible
98
What are the 4 cranial sutures that are fibrous joints that connect the bones of the skull?
Coronal
Sagittal
Lambdoid
Squamous
99
What suture fuses the frontal bone with the 2 parietal bones?
Coronal suture
100
What suture fuses both parietal bones to each other?
Sagittal suture
101
What suture fuses the occipital bone to the two parietal bones?
Lambdoid suture
102
What suture connects the temporal squama with the lower border of the parietal bone
Squamous suture
103
How many hyoid bones do we have?
1
104
Where is the hyoid bone situated?
At the root of the tongue; in the front of the neck and between the lower jaw and the largest cartilage of the larynx (voice box)
105
What does the hyoid bone support?
The larynx (voice box)
106
What are the vertebral column regions?
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal
107
How many cervical bones do we have?
7
108
True or false:
The cervical vertebrae lacks body or has tiny body
True
109
How many thoracic bones do we have?
12
110
Which vertebrae column region is this:
Medium body
Extended spine (posterior and inferior)
Protects viscera
Thoracic
111
Which vertebrae column region is this:
Bigger body
Shorter spine than thoracic
Protects everything above, helps stand
Strong foundation
Lumbar
112
How many lumbar bones do we have?
5
113
What are the parts of the Cervical Vertebrae? (Learn where they are on the bone)
Vertebral body
Vertebral arch
Articular processes (superior to transverse foramen)
Spine (2 little horns)
Transverse foramen (2 little openings on the sides)
114
What's another name for the C1?
Atlas
115
What is this:
- Holds up the head
- Articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull
- Lacks body; has 2 arches
- Lacks spine process
- Large vertebral foramen
Atlas
116
What's another name for C2?
Axis
117
What is this:
- Odontoid process goes into the arch of the atlas, to help support head
- No transverse foramen
- Has body
- Small spine
Axis
118
What's another word for C7?
Vertebra Prominens
119
What are the main characteristics of the Thoracic Vertebrae?
Heart shaped body
Vertebral foramen is smaller than in the cervical vertebrae
Spinous process projects posteriorly and inferiorly
Transverse processes (2 outer wings)
120
What are the main characteristics of the Lumbar Vertebrae?
Largest vertebrae
Thicker body
Oval shaped body
Lack of costal facets
Spinous processes project dorsally
The slender transverse processes project dorsolaterally
121
What is a triangular bone just below the lumbar vertebrae?
Sacrum
122
What has five segments fused together into one large bone?
Sacrum
123
What is the sacrum the origin of?
The latissimus dorsi
124
What are the parts of the sacrum?
Sacral canal (the opening at the bottom)
Median sacral crest (in middle)
Sacral cornua (2 horns at top)
Sacral hiatus
Sacral foramina (openings at sides)
Lateral sacral crest
Auricular surface
Sacral tuberosity
125
What bone is the fusion of 4 vertebrae (sometimes 3-5)?
Coccyx
126
Full ossification of the distal coccygeal vertebrae occurs at around what age?
26
127
In old people, the coccyx fuses with what?
The Sacrum
128
What are the 3 important parts of the Coccyx?
Coccygeal cornua (horns at top)
Transverse Processes (2 sides that poke out)
Apex (pointy part at bottom)
129
What type of bone is the sternum?
Flat bone
130
What forms the anterior midline of the thoracic wall?
Sternum
131
What are the important parts of the Sternum? (Know where they are)
Manubrium
Jugular notch
Body
Xiphoid process
132
What is the name of ribs 1-7? (total of 14 bones)
True ribs
133
What is the origin and termination of the True ribs?
Origin - vertebrae
Termination - Sternum
134
What is the name of ribs 8-12? (total of 10 bones)
False
135
Why are the false ribs 8-10 called Vertebrochondral?
They connect through cartilage but origin is still vertebrae
Insert to rib above
136
Why are false ribs 11-12 labeled as floating or verebral?
The origin is vertebrae but that's it, they float instead of connect somewhere
137
True or False:
Ribs are long, curved, flattened bones
True
138
Where do the ribs originate? And where do they end?
Originate on or between thoracic vertebrae
End in the wall of the thoracic cavity
