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Renal > 05.06 - Proximal Tubule (Rao) - PP, LG, No reading, Not watched > Flashcards

05.06 - Proximal Tubule (Rao) - PP, LG, No reading, Not watched Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Symptoms of Glucosuria

A

Thirst and Nocturia due to Osmotic Diuresis

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2
Q

Phosphate Reabsorption is coupled to what in PT

A

Na

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3
Q

What facilitates water reabsorption in PT

A

Leaky epithelium and High Hydraulic conductivity

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4
Q

Transporters for Mannitol

A

None

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4
Q

What drives active transport of Na in PT

A

Na-K ATPase

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5
Q

2 important luminal Na channels in PT

A

Na-H exchanger, Na-Glucose cotransporter

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5
Q

Protein excretion is high in what 3 conditions

A

MS, Hemoblobinemia, Myoglobinemia

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6
Q

VL =

A

(GFR x Pin) / Tfin

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6
Q

Only quantitatively important substance whose transport is directly coupled to metabolic energy in PT

A

Na

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6
Q

Patient without Parathyroid will excrete ___ phosphate than normal

A

Less

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7
Q

Primary role of PT

A

Reabsorb most of the filtered water and solutes

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7
Q

How is phosphate reabsoprtion regulated

A

Hormones: PTH decrease Tm -> More secretion, excretion

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8
Q

How is the Na-K ATPase the driving force for Na absorption

A

(1) Decrease in intracellular Na; (2) Decrease in membrane potential

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9
Q

How does inulin concentration change in tubular fluid of PT

A

Increases, no reabsorption

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10
Q

How is HCO3- pumped out to ISF in PT

A

HCO3/Na cotransporter

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11
Q

Anion transport in PT occurs predominantly by

A

Diffusion via paracellular route

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12
Q

Cl is passively reabsorbed in PT due to

A

Concentration gradient created by water reabsorption; Electrochemical gradient created by Na reabsorption

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13
Q

What favors Anion transport via Paracellular Space

A

Leaky epithelium

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14
Q

Mutation in what causes Familial Renal Glucosuria

A

SGLT1/2

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14
Q

Filtration and Reabsorption of Mannitol

A

Freely filtered, but not reabsorbed -> Reduces water reasbsorption and increases excretion

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15
Q

GFR x Pin =

A

VL x Tfin

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15
Q

When does Bicarb begin to be absorbed more rapidly

A

After transition from PCT to PST

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17
Q

What drives water reabsorption in PT? What facilitates this?

A

Osmotic gradient facilitated by leaky epithelium with high hydraulic conductivity (high Kf)

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18
Q

Substances that are freely filtered, but not reabsorbed, can increase ___ and cause ___

A

Increase osmolarity and cause diuresis

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20
3 Causes of Glucosuria
(1) Pregnancy; (2) DM; (3) Familial Renal Glucosuria (SGLT mut)
21
Reabsorption of what ions follow Na to maintain electroneutrality
Chloride and Bicarb
22
Changes in Cl and Bicarb absorption from PCT to PST
Cl absorption reduced, Bicarb is absorbed more rapidly
23
Bicarb reabsorption requires
Active secretion of protons
25
What accounts for majority of O2 consumption by kidney
Sodium reabsorption
26
Result of Na-K ATPase activity
Driving force for Na absorption (Decrease in intracellular [Na], Decrease in membrane potential)
26
Which segments of nephron actively secrete H+ into lumen
PT, DT, and CD
26
Poorly permeant solutes can serve as
Diuretics
28
Glucose reabsorption across apical membrane is coupled to
Na
30
How does Glucose cross apical membrane
Sodium-Glucose Cotransport: SGLT1/2
31
What percent of Bicarb is reabsorbed in PT
95%
32
Threshold for Phosphate Reabsorption
Low, regulated by plamsa concentration and hormones
34
How does PAH concentration change in tubular fluid thru PT
Increases more than Inulin b/c not reabsorbed and actively secreted
35
How is urea reabsorbed in PT
Passively, but slow: only 50%
36
Effect of Mannitol infusion
Increases osmolarity -\> Filtered -\> Reduces water reabsorption and increases excretion
37
How does Bicarb concentration change in tubular fluid thru PT?
Decreases, high reabsorption
38
Where are Na-K pumps exclusively localized?
Basolateral membrane
39
Entire plasma volume is filtered __ times thru glomerulus each day
60 times (5 times for whole body fluid)
39
How does change in UF affect Urea clearance
Increase in UF increases Urea clearance
41
How does Inulin concentration change with distance from Glomerulus
Increases
43
Leaky epithelium of PT favors
Anion transport via Paracellular Space
44
What drives Cl transport in PT
Due to rapid Na absorption, luminal fluid in PT is 5mV more negative than interstitial fluid
45
AA absorption across luminal membrane is coupled to
Na gradient
46
While 66% of fluid is reabsorbed in PT, only \_\_\_% of Cl is reabsorbed due to \_\_\_
60%, due to active transport of HCO3
47
Chloride, K, and Urea are reabsorbed by
Passive transport
49
How do Organic Acids cross luminal membrane
Co transport with Na
51
Major solutes that contribute to isotonic reabsorption in PT
Sodium, Chloride, Bicarb
52
How do AA's cross luminal membrane
Na-AA cotransport
53
How does Cl concentration change in tubular fluid thru PT
Slight increase due to Bicarb reabsorption
54
What proportion of Glucose is reabsorbed in PT
All, until reaches threshold
55
In PT, H+ secretion is mediated by
Apical Na-H exchanger (driven by Na gradient)
56
HCO3- reabsorption is preferred over \_\_, and driven by \_\_\_
Cl-, H+ secretion
57
How does massive solute reabsorption affect osmolarity of tubular luminal fluid and interstitial fluid
Slight decrease in osmolarity of tubular luminal fluid and increase in interstitial fluid
58
What percent of AA's are reabsorbed in PT
98-99.5
59
GFR - Reabsorption [+ Secretion] =
Rate of flow into loop of Henle
60
Rank in order of most absorbed in PT: Bicarb, Inulin, AA's, Glucose, PAH, Cl
Glucose, AA's, Bicarb, Cl-, Inulin, PAH
61
How is Na absorbed from tubular lumen in PT
Passively down apical membrane sodium channel

Renal (31 decks)

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