08: Family

Question 1

types of family forms

Answer 1

kinship
marriage
adoption
blended families
nuclear
mulitgenerational
matrilineal vs patrilineal vs bilineal
polgamy

Question 2

blended family

Answer 2

kids + step kids

Question 3

nuclear family

Answer 3

2 parents + biological children

Question 4

matrilineal vs patrilineal vs bilineal

Answer 4

mother lineage inheritance vs father lineage inheritance vs both

Question 5

polygamy

Answer 5

multiple spouses at the same time

Question 6

polygamy: polygyny

Answer 6

man has multiple wives

Question 7

polygamy: polyandry

Answer 7

woman has multiple husbands

Question 8

3 phases of marriage

Answer 8

institutional, companionate, individualized

Question 9

institutional

Answer 9

economic arrangement -> arranged marriages

Question 10

companionate

Answer 10

marriage should be based on love, rooted in gender essentialism and compatibility

Question 11

individualized

Answer 11

fulfillment in marriage from expressing ourselves independently, fully whole → not a half thats looking for other half in a person to be whole

Question 12

trends in single parenthood in US

Answer 12

one parent: grown from 60s but stabilized today

two parents: majority of american children have this

Question 13

trends in divorce in US

Answer 13

70s-80s: divorce takes off increasing

Question 14

3 reasons why baby boomers increased divorce rate

Answer 14

no fault divorce: didn’t need to have a reason anymore as to why they divorced (like abuse, cheating etc)

increasing economic independence of women

increased lifespan -> marriages last for 60-70 years now compared to 30

Question 15

thin markets in dating

Answer 15

meeting online = highest rate bc socially “different” communities experienced thin markets in person so rely on online dating to meet like people (ex gay people)

Question 16

history of interracial marriage in US

Answer 16

increasing in 1960s to 2015

over 15% of new marriages are between 2 people with diff ethnoracial backgrounds

Question 17

most common interracial pairing

Answer 17

white and hispanic (largest population groups)

Question 18

gendered race marriages

Answer 18

white husband with asian wife (2-3 times more common than vice versa)

hispanic husband with white wife (1 in 5 interracial couples in US)

Question 19

cohabitation

Answer 19

couple live together but not married

Question 20

cohabitation rates

Answer 20

18-24 year olds more likely to live with an unmarried partner than spouse

steep decline from 70s of living with spouse, living with partner surpassed living with spouse in 2010

Question 21

importance of marriage in US

Answer 21

highest declining rate out of western countries

Question 22

paradox of marriage in US

Answer 22

Commoditization → social rituals around weddings etc have become consumer good in a status symbol kind of way

Question 23

declining fertility in US

Answer 23

women -> having kids at 28 compared to 21 (now to 1960s)

60s: over 3 kids, today: 2.5 kids

Question 24

drivers for declining fertility in US

Answer 24

education of women: more independent
contraceptives
declining marriage rates

Question 25

drivers of declining teen pregnancy in US

Answer 25

50s-60s: peak in teen pregnancy declined to 17.8% in 2018 lower sex among teen s contraceptives comprehensive sex ed

Question 26

parental leave in the US

Answer 26

one of the only countries without paid parental leave policy 13% of amercians have paid leave

Question 27

family and medical act of 1993

Answer 27

provides unpaid leave to some

Question 28

effects of parenthood on earnings by gender

Answer 28

women with kids -> make less than women with no kids/fathers

Question 29

accomplishment of growth - child rearing styles

Answer 29

common among poor/working families

Question 30

concerted cultivation

Answer 30

common among middle/upper class families

Question 31

separate spheres of husband and wife

Answer 31

divide of tasks based on women are "naturally good" at this while men are "naturally good" at that man -> manages public life (work) woman -> manages private life (home)

Question 32

cult of domesticity

Answer 32

19th cent american movement women -> must be pious, pure, submissive, and focused on domestic role

Question 33

hostile vs benevolent sexism

Answer 33

hostile: misogyny, hatred toward all things feminine benevolent: women put on pedestal, positive stereotypes, pigeonholes women into what they can be -> mother and wife only

Question 34

intensive mothering

Answer 34

what it means to be a good mom -> expected to dedicate significant time and energy on children at expense of themselves moms -> spend more time with kids on average over fathers

Question 35

second shift

Answer 35

women spend more time on household labor in heterosexual couples despite both working full time

Question 36

cognitive labor

Answer 36

planning and organizing, anticipating needs, delegating and managing tasks, emotional labor mothers usually do majority of this