01 Foundational Concepts

Question 1

sociology

Answer 1

how society is organized and how that structure affects the behavior of the people who live there

Question 2

sociological imagination

Answer 2

unique way of looking at world –> look at intersection of personal stories with social context

Question 3

thinking like a sociologist

Answer 3

wanting to make the unknown known, using data to discover how society actually works

Question 4

historical context of sociology

Answer 4

industrial revolution -> people moving to cities & becoming increasingly dependent on each other

Question 5

founders of sociology

Answer 5

marx, durkheim, weber

Question 6

marx

Answer 6

society is based on social conflict

Question 7

marx 2 groups

Answer 7

capitalists: own factories
workers: work for factories

Question 8

conflict between marx 2 groups

Answer 8

both want more economic resources

how would workers get more?
how would capitalists get more?
**always will be in conflict

Question 9

durkheim

Answer 9

focused on things that exist outside individual that limited our behavior

• mechanical solidarity vs organic solidarity

Question 10

organic solidarity

Answer 10

people relying on each other to complete specialized tasks

ex) farmers grow food using tools factory workers made, factory workers eat food farmers grow

Question 11

mechanical solidarity

Answer 11

social cohesion based on shared beliefs

ex) indigenous tribe

Question 12

weber

Answer 12

look at individuals and meanings they make of their behavior

values influence behavior

Question 13

norms

Answer 13

expectations of behavior based on certain qualities -> learned, differ across communities

Question 14

resources

Answer 14

we acquire these things such as money education, status

Question 15

status

Answer 15

person/group socially determined positions within society

ascribed or achieved

Question 16

ascribed status

Answer 16

born status

Question 17

achieved status

Answer 17

changed status based on personal choices throughout life

Question 18

role

Answer 18

set of expectations for behavior/attitudes of people who occupy particular social status

ex) beyonce, rihanna, cardi b

Question 19

life chances

Answer 19

opportunities to provide oneself with material goods and favorable life experiences -> elevating quality of life

Question 20

groups

Answer 20

2+ people that share similar values and expectations who interact on regular basis

Question 21

networks

Answer 21

connect people directly or indirectly through mutuals

strong ties or weak ties

Question 22

institution

Answer 22

center of social life -> enduring practices and rules that organize this

Question 23

agency

Answer 23

our ability to act given structural rules and resources that impact our behaviors

ex) hunger strike, protesting

Question 24

generalized other

Answer 24

internalized expectations that guide our behavior

ex) littering

Question 25

looking glass self

Answer 25

how we view ourselves based on other peoples perceptions of us

Question 26

socialization

Answer 26

way we learn our sense of self and how to be a member of society

Question 27

functionalist perspective

Answer 27

manifest vs latent functions

Question 28

manifest function

Answer 28

physical purpose of doing action ex) rain dance -> rain

Question 29

latent function

Answer 29

subconscious function ex) rain dance -> reinforces culture

Question 30

conflict theory

Answer 30

marx, social rules are designed to reward certain groups with status, resources etc

Question 31

symbolic interactionism

Answer 31

everyday interactions -> how we maintain interaction order