1 Flashcards
The universe always tries to maintain?
Entropy
Plants capture ____ molecules while animals capture _____ molecules? •2
•Inorganic
•Organic
When energy is converted from one form to another, does the total energy in the system remain the same?
No since some of the energy is always lost as heat, but that energy is still in the heat.
Thermogenic organisms?
Those that generate heat through specialized pathways to keep the internal body temperature higher than the ambient temperature.
Is it possible for organisms to keep their internal temperature higher than ambient temperature without specialized pathways?
No, its not enough.
Why are mitochondria purposefully inefficient in thermogenic energy?
To generate as much heat as possible by protons leaking through a pore.
Endotherms?
Thermogenic animals that generate substantial amount of energy to keep a constant internal temperature when environmental temperature changes.
Animals store most of their carbohydrates in?
Glycogen.
Plants store most of their carbohydrates in?
Starch
Ectotherms?
Thermogenic organisms that cannot keep a constant internal temperature when environmental temperatures change.
What are the three fates of nutrients? 3•
•Oxidized and energy captured as ATP
•Oxidized and energy released as heat
•Used as building blocks for new molecules
How do non-shivering organisms produce heat?
Pores exist in the innermembrane of mitochondria and protons leak, generating heat without generating ATP. Biochemical work also occurs.
Can the body synthesize any nutrient?
No
What type of nutrients does the mitochondria require?
All of them since metabolic pathways allow all nutrients to be converted to acetyl CoA, which means that all can be used to supply energy to the mitochondria. Additionally, some amino acids can directly enter the kreb’s cycle at other points as well.
