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Question 1

Type of Diffusion in single celled organisms?

Answer 1

Facilitated diffusion

Question 2

Is diffusion fast or slow over long distances?

Answer 2

Slow

Question 3

Bulk flow?

Answer 3

To overcome the limitations of diffusion, organisms move fluids by bulk flow in which movement of fluid molecules as a group requires the input of addition energy.

Question 4

Bulk flow pulls or pushes?

Answer 4

Both, pulls by generating low pressure, or push by generating high pressure.

Question 5

Positive pressure is greater/less than atmospheric pressure?

Answer 5

Greater

Question 6

If the pressure difference is the same but initial and final pressure are both greater or less, then flow is?

Answer 6

Identical

Question 7

Steps of respiratory system?

Answer 7

•Ventilation: exchange of gasses (gain or throw gasses) (can be either air or water)
•Diffusion at the respiratory surface: from ventilation to circulation
•Circulation
•Diffusion into tissues to the mitochondria

Question 8

Gas exchange in the lungs only occur in the?

Answer 8

Alveoli

Question 9

If you increase the volume of the chest cavity, you?

Answer 9

Decrease the pressure

Question 10

Decrease the volume of the chest cavity, you?

Answer 10

Increase the pressure.

Question 11

In human lungs, what type of pressure occurs to gain gasses?

Answer 11

Negative pressure as pressure inside the lungs decrease as it expands, pulling air.

Question 12

!!!!!!!Structure of lungs?

Question 13

Birds respiratory steps? 3•

Answer 13

•Inhalation: air goes into posterior air sacs
•Exhalation: air goes into exhalation, and then into anterior air sacs.
•Another breathe: air goes from anterior air sacs and out.

Question 14

Types of tubes that make negative pressure easier (low resistance).

Answer 14

•wider, smaller, and lower viscosity fluid

Question 15

Bronchoconstriction?

Answer 15

Muscles around the bronchi contract, narrowing the bronchi and causing resistance.

Question 16

Pulmonary deems disease?

Answer 16

Fluid builds up in lungs and increases diffusion distance, which decreases diffusion.

Question 17

Partial pressure increases/decreases when rising in elevation?

Answer 17

Decreases

Question 18

Dead space in mammalian lungs?

Answer 18

The area of air that enters the respiratory systems, but never reaches the alveoli.

Question 19

Stale air?

Answer 19

Air that has undergone gas exchange and breathed out.

Question 20

What makes lungs inefficient?

Answer 20

The amount of dead space.

Question 21

Alveolar ventilation?

Answer 21

Amount of fresh air that enters the respiratory system.

Question 22

Challenge of living in water? 2•

Answer 22

•Given volume, air has twenty time more oxygen than water
•Water is much denser than air, so it is more difficult to move via bulk flow (costs more energy)

Question 23

How do marine life live in water with challenging respiration?

Answer 23

•No dead space
•Increased surface area of gills
•Maximize potential pressure gradient
•countercurrent exchange: oxygenated water passes oxygenated blood (but a little less), and deoxygenated water pass deoxygenated blood (but a little less). This combats the limitation of how much oxygen can diffuse past the membrane without reaching an equilibrium and concentration gradient blockage.

Question 24

????!!!!!????In lungs, does the difference of pressure occur in the alveoli??