7

Question 1

Bulk Flow?

Answer 1

The movement of a fluid driven by a pressure gradient.

Question 2

Positive pressure results in a?

Answer 2

A push

Question 3

Negative pressure results in a?

Answer 3

Pull

Question 4

Transpiration?

Answer 4

Gas exchange and water loss occur simultaneously through an open stomata and also pulls water up to the root from the soil.

Question 5

How do guard cells cause the stomata to close?

Answer 5

They diffuse water and potassium out across its membrane, and H2O escapes through the stomata

Question 6

How to reduce water loss when stomata is open?

Answer 6

•They are located in the lower side (abaxial) of the leaf.
•protect and hide stomata and the use of trichomes to allow moisture to build up.
•Cuticles: epidermis cells
•CAM and C4 activate CO2 concentrating mechanisms, and Rubisco is more efficient, which means that stomata can be open for less time.

Question 7

Why is Xylem and Phloem bundled together?

Answer 7

Water transfer between them.

Question 8

Root pressure?

Answer 8

Ions accumulate in the vasculature, increasing solute potential. It push water inside the root. This can also occur when the stomata is closed.

Question 9

Guttation?

Answer 9

When water is forced out exclusively due to root pressure at night.

Question 10

Water and nutrients move along the?

Answer 10

Xylem. Which is a one way flow of sap.

Question 11

Water diffuses from _____ to _______ water potential?

Answer 11

High, low

Question 12

What water potential value determines where water flows?

Answer 12

The more negative values.

Question 13

Negative potential water?

Answer 13

Pulls water.

Question 14

Positive water potential?

Answer 14

Push water

Question 15

Solute potential is measured with positive/negative?

Answer 15

Negative

Question 16

When water gets pulled in the root, how does the pulled water drive water up the plant?

Answer 16

It pushes the water already present in the xylem and water potential is positive.

Question 17

Hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic

Question 18

Turgor pressure?

Answer 18

During a hypotonic plant cell, the cell wall stops the cell from bursting. The pressure is pushing outwards.

Question 19

Since water flows up the plant, is the water potential of the air higher/lower than in a plant?

Answer 19

Lower

Question 20

Water potential gradient in a plant?

Question 21

What affects water potential?

Answer 21

•As humidity increases, water potential increases
•Heat encourages evaporation

Question 22

How do guard cells cause the stomata to open?

Answer 22

They accumulate a huge quantity of potassium ions, which increases solute potential and decreases water potential. More water enter the guard cell, increasing turgor pressure and causing it to become rigid.