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Question 1

cognitive psych is the study of

Answer 1

intelligent behavior, aiming to know how people think and learn, remember and forget, speak, read, write, pay attention, solve problems, make decisions.

Question 2

are emotional and social behaviors included in cog psy

Answer 2

no

Question 3

why do you need to observe behavior for cognitive psychology

Answer 3

most of cognition is unconscious and more complex than it seems

Question 4

what is the concept that answers: how can the output of the soul be related to the body

Answer 4

the mind body problem

Question 5

what is the first thing you have to study in order to study the mind

Answer 5

perception

Question 6

what area of psychology concerns perception

Answer 6

psychophysics. it studies the changing of a physical stimulus to a mental experience.

Question 7

what did gustav fechner study

Answer 7

psychophysics

Question 8

the first psychologist

Answer 8

wilhelm wundt

Question 9

what school of psychology was wundt in

Answer 9

structuralism

Question 10

what is analytic introspection

Answer 10

analysis started with perception. introspection is the observation of the internal, controllable and replicatable. part of structuralism

Question 11

what topics did wundt develop some of the earliest ideas about

Answer 11

experimentation, attention (focused vs sustained), memory (short term has 7 items), and language (breaking down of language)

Question 12

titchener did what with wundt’s ideas

Answer 12

brought them to america as structuralism, and caused controversy about wundt’s techniques

Question 13

james was part of which school

Answer 13

functionalism

Question 14

who wrote the principles of psychology, and what is it

Answer 14

it is one of the earliest psych textbooks. james wrote it

Question 15

what is functionalism about

Answer 15

the purpose of thought rather than analyzing the elements. scientific study of consciousness

Question 16

what did james study

Answer 16

prediction and control through direct observation.

Question 17

who inspired wundt

Answer 17

fechner

Question 18

who inspired james

Answer 18

wundt. he listened to wundt’s lectures

Question 19

four key principles of the scientific method

Answer 19

empiricism (can observe thing studied; cannot for thought), determinism (things happen for a reason), testability (be able to test ideas and falsify), parsimony (assume simplest explanation)

Question 20

why was studying thought first thought to be impossible? was it impossible?

Answer 20

because thought is not observable. but then many other scientifically studied things are not observable, like gravity, atoms, and the mind.

Question 21

what school of psychology provided a way to study observable functions of the mind

Answer 21

behaviorism

Question 22

behaviorism studies what

Answer 22

brain processes are unimportant (mystery box)

Question 23

who invented operant conditioning

Answer 23

skinner

Question 24

who invented classical conditioning

Answer 24

pavlov

Question 25

tolman's studies on latent learning

Answer 25

rats are put in a cross shaped maze. food is always at arm B, but the rat might have to take a right or left turn to reach B, depending on the group the rat is in. however, these rats will not turn left just because they were conditioned to do so, they will become conditioned to reach B

Question 26

turing machine

Answer 26

carries out what a human can do. you have an input, it goes through a function, and gives you an output. the function is the hard part

Question 27

who developed the first non-war computer program, what was it

Answer 27

newell and simon. they developed logic theorist, the first thinking machine

Question 28

neisser's 1967 book on cognitive psychology discussed wht

Answer 28

computer science. psychologists proposed models to explain unobservable mental functions, make predictions, tested them with computers

Question 29

representationalism theme

Answer 29

describes how the unobservable mind acts in the real world

Question 30

computation theme

Answer 30

mind is an information processor

Question 31

biological perspective theme

Answer 31

believes information is represented as patterns of activity between neurons, like in the brain

Question 32

embodied cognition theme

Answer 32

study of cognition as we interact in the world

Question 33

mental representation

Answer 33

representation of thing in brain. everything we think about is this.

Question 34

what is aboutness. how does it apply to perceptions and thoughts

Answer 34

representations stand for a real world process. aboutness needs a topic of focus. perceptions are about the physical world and represent objects in the physical world. thoughts are about possible real situations, and represent possible real situations

Question 35

what does mar say about computation

Answer 35

information processing is present in computers and minds, therefore the mind is computational like a computer. the two function similarly.

Question 36

how do imformation processing systems work, and what do you need to know in order to model and replicate it

Answer 36

it works by using rule based operators to move from one state to the next. the goal is to discover what the function is that allows progression frim input to output

Question 37

who first suggested the mind is a symbol system. what is a symbol system

Answer 37

newell and simon. symbol systems are representational and computational. they are about something, and can be manipulated according to rules.

Question 38

the mind operates by manipulating __ that represents __

Answer 38

symbols that represent thoughts

Question 39

biological cog psy perspective. connectionism

Answer 39

computation basis. believes in connectionism: alternate theory of computing, based on idea that info is carried in neuron-like units. info isn't represented by symbols, it is activation pattern

Question 40

how can connectionism be used for artificial processing

Answer 40

the artificial neural net can be activated in a way similar to neural activation

Question 41

grounding problem

Answer 41

a problem faced by symbol systems where you need to feel or see an apple to know what it is. representationalism doesn't cover how you need to interact with the physical world based on what you're thinking to know what a certain thing is like

Question 42

people with a heavy backpack tend to think a slope is steeper. this is an example of

Answer 42

the grounding problem

Question 43

embodied cognition believes info is given by

Answer 43

perceptual, motor, and emotional activity by the body in the real world (maybe representations aren't needed after all)

Question 44

what are the two ways any area of psychology can be studied

Answer 44

behavior and physiology

Question 45

research methods for cog py

Answer 45

case studies (HM), correlational, experiments (most common), computer simulations (computer provides same output as people?)

Question 46

2 most common DV in cog psy

Answer 46

accuracy and reaction time

Question 47

what do samples ahve to be

Answer 47

representative and random