4 Flashcards
(39 cards)
what are memory researchers concerned with
how information is coded and stored, basically what types of info our memory can hold. limiting factors of memory, processes that allow info th enter and exit memory
what is is entering and exiting memory called, respectively
encoding and retrieval
why isn’t memory seen as a single, unitary system
we can remember input for different amounts of time, stimulus influences duration of memory, and neuropsychological evidence suggests double-dissociation between long term and short term memory. amnesia can lose long term but not short term memory, most commonly, for example
atkinson-shiffrin multi-store model basic parts
sensory input, sensory memory, short term memory, then long term memory. each has different limiting factors and capacity.
what causes loss of information in the atkinson-shriffin model
sensory memory: unattended info is lost. short term memory: unrehearsed info is lost. long term memory: some info lost over time
what causes the moving of memory between systems in the atkinson-shriffin model
attention brings sensory memory to short term memory, encoding brings short-term memory to long term memory.
how is short term memory maintained according to the atkinson shriffin model
maintenance rehearsal
what is retrieval in the atkinson shriffin model
when long term memory is yoinked back into short term
sensory memory
limited capacity store that holds basic sensory info for a short period of time. the code is unprocessed sensory data, and we have different stores for different senses
what is attention in the atkinson shriffin model equivalent to in broadbent and triesman’s
the filter
what did sperling’s sensory store investigation study
iconic memory. sperling hypothesized that duration is so short that people forget items before they can report them all, and that duration, not capacity was what affected memory.
sperling’s sensory store study procedure
shown a bunch of letter, then had a tone after the display. they could report about 3 items in a 4 item row regardless of the row, much like how participants can report 4 total items out of all the stuff.
sperling’s sensory store conclusion
the viewers must know all of them to randomly, accurately report one row. therefore 76% of the entire display is stored at one point in time. the duration of iconic memory is about 150 ms, and it drops steeply from that point on until 1 sec. after that point in time, 3-4 things are moved to short term memory, and you can’t get more because when you go back to get more info, all the info is gone and lost from memory
brief sensory stores in other modalities. example and duration
when you ask someone to repeat but then suddenly finish process it and repeating isn’t needed anymore. echoic is equivalent but the store is longer (4-5 s)
short term memroy
limited capacity store that holds info for a short period of time. you can extend it be rehearsal, keeping the info active in short term memory, possibly passing it onto long term memory
without rehearsal, how long is STM
10-20s
george miller’s magical number
7 + or - 2 is the capacity for short term memory
what is an item or chunk
something you can put in a “slot” in STM (one out of the 7 slots). you need to have meaning to the group, so things like “privately, dio likes doing LSD and fighting marine fish.” is better than pdldlafmf
digit span
measures short term memory capacity. so how many digits can participants report back right away
fast digit reading speed
how many digits can you read off a page in a given time frame
naveh-benjamin and ayres discovered what about stm coding and storage
the greater the reading spead, the greater the digit span. the fewer syllables per digit, the greater the digit span (me switching to chinese during phone memorizing task)
phonological similarity effect
short term memory span is shorter for rhyming lists, even if it is presented visually
visual similiarty effect
dissimilar appearing words are remembered better
word length effect
remember more short words than longer one
