3 Flashcards
(54 cards)
attention
umbrella term for many related functions, including as a filter, spotlight, mental resource, and feature binder. process of concentrating mental effort on sensory or mental events
selective attention
attention as a filter
vigilance
attention as a spotlight. sustained attention
divided attention
attention as a mental resource
visual search
attention as a feature binder
how is attention capacity limited
limited number of things attended to with a limited duration
exogenous attention
external stimulus captures attention. overt, involves unnoticable fast eye movement. can be artificially covert
endogenous attention
attention on the body/thoughts. you can decide how to control the attention yourself.
overt attention
the most common type. depends on do others know what you’re paying attention to? people usually know what you’re paying attention to
covert attention
when people don’t know what you’re paying attention to
automatic attention/controleld attention
depends on how much attention you need
what affects stimulus saliency for visual stimuli
motion, color, brightness, contrast, orientation, and previous knowledge (endogenous and exogenous) and other important info
change blindness vs inattentional blindness
connected. a curtain slowly color in the background is change blindness, but inattention blindness is when there is a person that you fail to notice because you are attenting to other stimuli
attention without consciousness
priming. however, it is rare for attention and consciousness to be dissociated in daily life
how does the change blindness experiment work
the people that walk behind the board are all wearing grey and change places behind the board. color and motion are one of the most salient visual stimuli. the important task is taking a pic, the identity of the person does not matter usually
why does changing of race, age, and gender of a person become evident to viewers
it depends on what the individual percieves as important for goals
selective attention
attention is like a bottleneck that only lets some info through at a time. you cannot cognitively process everything at once. selects attended info for processing, filters out everything else
dichoptic listening task. what was the goal of the participat?
by broadbent. listened to two different messages in different ears. they attended to a certain ear’s message and repeated the words as the words are coming into their ear. people are good at this
unattended information in the dichoptic listening task. what was picked up what was not
it was noticed and basic sensory information like the tone or language could be reported. but there is no perception and no meaning is captured. cannot pick up on language switches or word repeat.
broadbent’s early selection filter model
only interested in selection of information and anything that preceeded it. assumes messages are equally salient and one is of greater importance. input, sensory memory, filter and detector
broadbent’s sensory memory
brief, where stimulus is stored before the memory. you can report seeing it but you cannot process it
broadbent’s filter
unconscious or preconscious nrocessing, uses physical information like color and location to determine if it is the target. selects based on importance AND saliency, for processing. the filter must be before meaning processing.
broadbent’s detector
one bit of info reaches this area, and this conscious processing gives meaning. it passes info onto short term or long term mrmory, or any form of processing we are aware of
problems with broadbent’s early selection filter model
people are aware of meaning of their own name in an unattnded message. it is the same stimulus as someone else’s name, and thus sometimes you need to process meaning. also, sometimes people follow a meaningful message in the unattended ear by inserting it into the attended ear. the dear aunt jane thing
