1

Question 1

Which two ovarian cells are responsible for estrogen/progesterone production?

Answer 1

Theca cells and granulosa cells

Question 2

During the process of ovulation, what is actually ejected from the ovary?

Answer 2

Secondary oocyte

Question 3

During the average menstrual cycle LH and FSH levels are highest during which phase?

Answer 3

Immediately prior to ovulation

Question 4

During spermatozoa maturation protamines replace histones to facilitate chromatin condensation. When or where are sperm DNA protamines removed and replaced by histones?

Answer 4

In the oocyte after fertilization

Question 5

The 1st polar body is produced during which stage of human development?

Answer 5

Tertiary Graafian follicle

Question 6

When does zona pellucida hatching occur?

Answer 6

Blastocyst stage

Question 7

The amniotic cavity is formed when:

Answer 7

A cavity forms in the epiblast

Question 8

GnRH regulates FSH and FSH supports both speematogenesis and oogenesis by acting on which cells?

Answer 8

Sertoli And granulosa cells

Question 9

During human gastrulation which definitive germ layer forms first?

Answer 9

endoderm

Question 10

Placental villi primarily derive from which tissue?

Answer 10

Trophoblast of the blastocyst

Question 11

The chorionic cavity or extraembryonic coelom forms between which two layers?

Answer 11

Somatic extraembryonic mesoderm and splanchnic extraembryonic mesoderm

Question 12

The oropharyngeal membrane is a combination of which layers?

Answer 12

Ectoderm and endoderm

Question 13

Why is the notochord referred to as the primary inducer?

Answer 13

Induces ectoderm to form the neural plate, induces paraxial mesoderm to form somites

Question 14

The intraembryonic coelom forms during week 3 and is defined by horizontal folding during week 4 of embryonic development. When does this occur?

Answer 14

Between somatic and splanchnic mesoderm

Question 15

A primary outcome of caudal embryonic longitudinal folding is formation of the?

Answer 15

Hindgut

Question 16

What is the source of the mesothelium that makes up the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 16

lateral somatic mesoderm

Question 17

The embryonic period is classified as weeks 1-8 after fertilization. Which major event categorizes week 2?

Answer 17

Implantation

Question 18

How many chromosomes and how many copies of the DNA would be present in a human spermatid?

Answer 18

23 and 1N

Question 19

How many chromosomes and how many copies of the DNA (N) would be present in a human secondary oocyte?

Answer 19

23 and 2N

Question 20

When during the cell cycle does centriole replication occur?

Answer 20

S phase

Question 21

Which structure is analagous to the corpus spongiosum of the male penis?

Answer 21

Clitoris

Question 22

The primary site of spermatogenesis is the:

Answer 22

Seminiferous tubules

Question 23

Which sequence best reflects the sperm pathway through the male reproductive system?

Answer 23

Semiferous tubules, rete testis, efferent ducts, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, penile urethra

Question 24

Which male cell is the first to initiate meiosis?

Answer 24

Primary spermatocyte

Question 25

Which cell type is haploid?

Answer 25

Secondary spermatocyte

Question 26

What single feature is shared by primordial, early and late primary, secondary and tertiary (prior to the LH surge) follicles?

Answer 26

All include a primary oocyte

Question 27

The primary target cells for LH in males is?

Answer 27

Leydig cells

Question 28

Which cells or structures would not accompany the oocyte at ovulation?

Answer 28

Granulosa cells

Question 29

Luteal phase ovarian production of which hormone primarily accounts for the secretory phase development of the endometrium?

Answer 29

Progesterone

Question 30

Which area of the female reproductive tract is characterized by branched mucus secreting glands that shift mucus production from a thick, acidic secretion during most of the menstrual cycle to large volumes of a thin, watery alkaline secretion around the time of ovulation?

Answer 30

Cervix

Question 31

Sperm-oocyte binding results in all of the following except?

Answer 31

Oocyte immediately hatches from the zona pellucida

Question 32

Which major organelle is contributed to the zygote by the sperm cell during fertilization?

Answer 32

Centrioles

Question 33

What is the fundamental mechanism by which the classic contraceptive pill prevents pregnancy?

Answer 33

Inhibits oocyte/follicle maturation and ovulation

Question 34

Why is compaction important?

Answer 34

Seperates blastomeres into two distinct cell populations (embryoblast and trophoblast)

Question 35

Which cells would not be present in a human blastocyst at the initiation of implantation (day 7) ?

Answer 35

Mesoderm

Question 36

Where does the decidual reaction occur?

Answer 36

Functional zone of endometrium

Question 37

95% of all ectopic pregnancies occur in which location?

Answer 37

Oviduct

Question 38

What is the origin of the amniotic membrane?

Answer 38

Epiblast

Question 39

The hypoblast layer is important because it contributes to?

Answer 39

Extraembryonic mesoderm formation

Question 40

The end of the second week is marked by formation of the chorion and its organization into the primary chorionic villi. What is the correct order (from the chorionic cavity to the decidua) of the three layers that make up the chorionic membrane?

Answer 40

Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm, cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast

Question 41

The primitive streak marks the beginning of gastrulation. What will be the fate of the second population of cells that pass through the primitive streak?

Answer 41

Will become intraembryonic axial mesoderm

Question 42

A woman has a difficult time delivering an infant because of a large bulging mass in the posterior area of the infants buttocks. After delivery, gentle rectal palpation indicated that this tissue extended up into the pelvis. Biopsy of the tissue revealed the presence of skin, cartilage, bone, nervous tissue, cardiac and skeletal muscle, and intestinal epithelium. What is your diagnosis?

Answer 42

Sacrococcygeal teratoma

Question 43

The neurenteric canal is a transient passageway that develops during?

Answer 43

Notochord formation

Question 44

Why are neural crest cells important?

Answer 44

Essential to peripheral nervous system development

Question 45

Why is the extraembryonic somatic mesoderm important to the developing embryo?

Answer 45

Basis for chorionic villus blood vessel formation

Question 46

The correct sequence of structures would be:

Answer 46

Zygote, morula, blastocyst, gastrula, neurula

Question 47

Why is the extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm important to the developing embryo?

Answer 47

Basis for yolk sac blood island formation and vitelline circulation

Question 48

Where does extraembryonic vasculogenesis begin?

Answer 48

Splanchnic mesoderm

Question 49

The somites develop from which cell population?

Answer 49

Embryonic paraxial mesoderm

Question 50

The first pair of somites develop from which pair of somitomeres?

Answer 50

#8

Question 51

Which event would not be considered a major accomplishment of the 4th week of development?

Answer 51

Chorion formation

Question 52

The mesoderm derived epithelium that lines our closed body cavities is the?

Answer 52

Mesothelium

Question 53

The visceral peritoneum derives from the?

Answer 53

Intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm

Question 54

Another name for the simple squamous epithelium that forms the lining of the cardiovascular system is the?

Answer 54

Endothelium

Question 55

A major outcome of longitudinal folding is?

Answer 55

Foregut/hindgut formation

Question 56

What layers make-up the intraembryonic somatopleure?

Answer 56

Surface ectoderm and somatic mesoderm

Question 57

Genitourinary system

Answer 57

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 58

Notochord

Answer 58

Axial mesoderm

Question 59

Coelom formation

Answer 59

Lateral mesoderm

Question 60

Somite development

Answer 60

Paraxial mesoderm

Question 61

List three male secondary sex glands?

Answer 61

Prostate, bulbourethral gland, seminal vesicles

Question 62

List three ectoderm derived cell populations that result from neurulation?

Answer 62

Neural crest cells, neuroepithelial cells, surface ectoderm

Question 63

Why is the notochord important to the process of neurulation?

Answer 63

The notochord serves as the primary inducer in converting surface ectoderm into neural ectoderm

Question 64

Why is longitudinal folding important to cardiovascular system development?

Answer 64

Cranial folding serves to position the heart tube in what will become the chest cavity

Question 65

List three components that make up the chorion?

Answer 65

Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm, cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast

Question 66

List the three components that make up the embryonic vascular system during the fourth week?

Answer 66

Aortic/cardinal circulation, vitelline circulation, allantoic/ umbilical circulation

Question 67

Outline the process of spermiogenesis

Answer 67

Golgi phase Cap phase Acrosome phase Maturation phase

Question 68

Which cells produce human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)? And why is hCG important to human pregnancy?

Answer 68

Syncytiotrophoblast It does positive feedback on the ovary to maintain the corpus luteum which produces progesterone and estrogen to maintain the endometrium

Question 69

Explain why meiosis is important

Answer 69

It reduces total number of chromosomes from 46 to 23 | It also provides genetic variability through synapsis and crossing over and independent assortment

Question 70

The epiblast gives rise to the three definitive embryonic germ layers. Identify the three layers and provide major derivatives of each.

Answer 70

Embryonic endoderm-primitive gut Embryonic ectoderm-skin ectoderm, neural plate/fold ectoderm--neural tube cells, neural crest cells Embryonic mesoderm-axial--prechordal plate and notochord,-paraxial--somites,-intermediate--genitourinary system,-lateral--somatic, splanchnic