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5- Path I > 1- Intro > Flashcards

1- Intro Flashcards

1
Q

study of nature and cause of disease, which includes changes, to structure AND function

A

Pathology

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2
Q

Bridges the gap between the basic sciences and clinical practice

A

Pathology

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3
Q

pathos means

A

suffering

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4
Q

logos means

A

study of

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5
Q

study of abnormal functioning of diseased organs; subdivision of pathology

A

Pathophysiology

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6
Q

The cause of disease or suffering

A

Etiology

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7
Q

Influenzal Pneumonia aka

A

Black or Hemorrhage Pneumonia

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8
Q

Influenzal Pneumonia etiology

A

influenza

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9
Q

Define Influenzal Pneumonia

A

infectious inflammation of lungs

Influenza = respiratory virus

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10
Q

Acute Cystitis etiology

A

Gram-negative Rods, mainly E. coli

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11
Q

define Cystitis

A

Dramatic Inflammation of the urinary bladder

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12
Q

diseases in which the cause is unknown

A

Idiopathic diseases

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13
Q

Idiopathic ankylosing spondylitis AKA

A

bamboo spine

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14
Q

Define Idiopathic ankylosing spondyliti

A

Arthritic condition, resulting in the fusion of the spinal vertebrae

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15
Q

DISH (Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis) aka

A

Forestier’s Disease Hyperostosis

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16
Q

Define Hyperostosis

A

Ossification of the ALL

Hyperostosis = abnormal growth of osseous tissue

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17
Q

Categories of etiology

A

Genetic

Congenital

Acquired

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18
Q

Huntington’s Disease aka

A

Choreiform syndrome

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19
Q

Huntington’s Disease etiology

A

Genetics

Loss of motor function due to loss of neurons

enlargement of ventricles

Degeneration of basal ganglia

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20
Q

Huntington’s Disease Results in

A

Chorea and Dementia

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21
Q

Define Chorea

A

jerking

involuntary muscles movement ; mainly affects face and extremities

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22
Q

Define Dementia

A

progressive mental impairment

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23
Q

Down’s Syndrome aka

A

Trisomy 21

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24
Q

Down’s Syndrome etiology

A

Genetics

Chromosomal abnormality resulting in mental handicap and a characteristic physical appearance

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25
Q

Chances if Down syndrome increase with

A

parental age (older than 35)

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26
Q

Type of etiology:

individual’s genes are responsible for a structural or functional defect

A

GENETIC

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27
Q

Type of etiology:

when genetic information is intact, but other factors in the embryo’s intrauterine environment interfere with normal development

A

CONGENITAL

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28
Q

Toxoplasmosis etiology

A

Congenital

Toxoplasma gondii parasite transferred from domestic animals (cat, dog) to human mother, which is then passed to fetus

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29
Q

Toxoplasmosis Causes

A

birth defects (Teratogenic effects)

30
Q

Define Teratogenic effect

A

causes abnormal formation in developing fetus/embryo

31
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome etiology

A

Congenital

Mother ingests alcohol during pregnancy

32
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome causes

A

severe underdevelopment in fetus (Teratogenic effects)

33
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Highest teratogenic effect in (time line)

A

The 1st 3 days of pregnancy and 1st trimester

34
Q

Define Thalidomide

A

Medication (Pfizer, 1960’s) to suppress morning sickness experienced in the 1st trimester

35
Q

Thalidomide causes

A

terrible teratogenic effects

missing limbs etc. some born with 1 eye

36
Q

Thalidomide has no effect on

A

life expectancy

37
Q

Type of etiology all other pathologies which, are not genetic or congenital (after birth)

A

Acquired

38
Q

Shingles aka

A

Herpetic Rash

39
Q

Shingles Etiology

A

Herpes zoster virus (varicella-zoster virus), which also causes chickenpox

40
Q

Shingles is triggered by

A

dramatic suppression of the immune system

41
Q

Shingles causese

A

Extremely painful skin rash with redness and blistering, follows dermatomes

42
Q

Bullous Emphysema Etiology

A

Acquired smoking

43
Q

Bullous Emphysema causes Lung consolidation due

A

rupture and damage of alveoli

44
Q

Bullous Emphysema Results in

A

shortness of breath and in severe cases can lead to respiratory and/or heart failure

45
Q

Brain Abscess aka

A

Para-meningeal infection

46
Q

Brain Abscess Etiology

A

Acquired

Bacterial infection within hair follicle (Staph. aureus or Strep. pyogenes) = Streptodermal (aka: Acne)

47
Q

Brain Abscess can cause Large cavities in

A

the brain, surrounded by a membrane

48
Q

Define Abscess

A

any collection of pus in the body from pus-forming bacteria (pyogenic)

49
Q

Compression of pimples (acne) can

A

destroys the capsule which contains the infection

Usually damage/scarring of the skin, but in some cases can be fatal

50
Q

Infection can enter _____ system, and move to the brain via veins of the face causing a brain abscess

A

venous

51
Q

Define symptoms

A

subjective

non-measurable feeling the patient will say they have

“pain, headaches, dizziness, heartburn”, terms for what the patient is experiencing

52
Q

Define signs

A

objective

measurable finding

“blood pressure, temperature, respiration rate, etc.”

53
Q

define Syndrome

A

A collection/group of signs & symptoms associated with a particular disease

54
Q

define Raynaud’s Syndrome

A

Vasospastic contractions of distal vessels

55
Q

Raynaud’s Syndrome phases

A

1st – contraction of arteries @ fingers/toes = WHITE

2nd – contraction of veins @ fingers/toes = BLUE

3rd – relaxation of vessels and blood returns @ fingers/toes = RED

56
Q

Raynaud’s Syndrome possible manifestation of

A

systemic sclerosis or immune-hemolytic anemia

57
Q

define Sjögren’s Syndrome

A

Autoimmune, more common in females over 35 yrs

Total dryness of mucous membranes due to damage to exocrine glands

58
Q

Define Xerostomia

A

dry mouth → due to inflammation of sublingual gland

59
Q

Define Xerophthalmia

A

dry eyes → due to inflammation of lacrimal gland

60
Q

Sjögren’s Syndrome can result in

A

Rheumatic joint pain (Rheumatoid arthritis)

Bilateral parotitis

61
Q

Define Bilateral parotitis

A

inflamed parotid glands (hamster appearance)

62
Q

Sjögren’s Syndrome is Possible manifestation of

A

systemic lupus erythematous

63
Q

pattern of development of disease, specific mechanism of disease

A

Pathogenesis

64
Q

An illness that develops rapidly and usually of short duration (5-7 days) Ex. common cold

A

Acute disease

65
Q

disease that is longer than 1 week, but less than 6 weeks

A

Sub acute

66
Q

prolonged on-set long duration, Slow and serious development Duration is greater than 6 weeks

A

Chronic disease

67
Q

Local disease

A

Confined to one organ/region of the body

stomach cancer

68
Q

Systemic disease

A

involves multiple organs or systems

metastasized stomach cancer

69
Q

Focal damage

A

Limited to one or more distant sites within a diseased organ

one tumor in stomach

70
Q

Diffuse damage

A

Uniformly distributed damage within a diseased organ (entire organ is affected)

entire stomach is cancerous

71
Q

identification of the patient’s specific disease

A

Diagnosis

72
Q

prediction of a particular disease’s outcome

A

Prognosis

5- Path I (6 decks)

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