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Histology > [1] Lecture 4-6 > Flashcards

[1] Lecture 4-6 Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

General characteristics epithelial tissues:

A

Relative geometric shape, cells tightly bound together, little intercellular matrix, free surfaces, EXHIBIT POALRITY, DERIVED FROM endo/ecto/mesoderm, Sit on top of a basement membrane, line body cavities and surfaces, form glands, innervated.

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2
Q

Classification of epithelium:

A

Simple vs. stratified
Squamous vs. cuboidal vs. columnar
Cilia vs. stereocilia vs. microvili
Keratinized vs non-keratinized

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3
Q

Characterize Apical membrane of epithelial cells:

A

Surface of the cell In contact w/ a lumen, modifications such as cillia or microvilli

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4
Q

Basolateral membrane:

A

Cells locked together by intercellular junctions

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5
Q

Specializations that occur on apical surface

A

Microvilli: used in brush border, actin contains microfilaments
Cilia: microtubules doublets
Stereocilia: different version of microvili

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6
Q

Simple Squamous

A

Ducts/ glands lining, vessels, tubular structures, alveoli, bowman’s capsule, inner labrinyth, tympanic membrane

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7
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

Kidney tubules, ovary surface, retina epithelium, glands/ ducts, terminal bronchioles, choroid plexus, anterior capsule-eye

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8
Q

Simple columnar

A

Absorption-upper resp, uterine tubes, parasinus spinal cord (w/ cilia). W/o cilia, GI tract, GB, excretory glands.

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9
Q

Stratified squamous

A

Epidermis, cornea (keratinized). NOn-keratinized in esophagus, vagina, linking of mouth, epiglottis

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10
Q

Stratified cuboidal

A

Rare…anal mucosa, large excrtory ducts, and part of epiglottis

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11
Q

Stratified columnar

A

Rare; ducts of sweat glands, fornix of conjunctiva of eye, PARTS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE, gu, pharynx, epiglottis

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12
Q

Pseudostratified epi

A

Ciliated in trachea. Stereocilia epididymis

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13
Q

Transitional epi

A

GU- also called urothelium

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14
Q

General functions of epithelial tissues

A

Protection. Maintain [ ] difference. Secretion/absorption.

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15
Q

Structure of microvillus

A

Finger like projections of apical membranesupported by cross-linked actin microfilaments. Actin filament core extends to terminal web. Distal end capped by FORMIN-regulates assembly of actin filaments. Cross-linked w/ villin and fimbrin.

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16
Q

Function of brush border

A

Sodium and water absorption and folded to increase SA

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17
Q

Structure of cilium

A

9+2 arrangement- 9 peripheral doublets and central pair of microtubules.each doublet has alpha and beta tubule…alpha is slightly larger. Alpha has dynein arms projecting to beta unit

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18
Q

2 components of basement membrane:

A

Basal lamina; derived from epithlium

Reticular lamina: derived from connective tissue type III collagen

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19
Q

Type of collagen asso. W/ basal lamina

A

Type IV collagen

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20
Q

Components of basal lamina:

A

LAMININ, fibronectin, type IV collagen, enactin, proteoglycans.

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21
Q

Major component of lamina:

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A

Laminin- 3 chains: alpha, beta, gamma. This has binding sites for integrin, type IV collagen, enactin, and proteoglycans

22
Q

Fibronectin characteristics and binding:

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A

Made of 2 polypeptide chains cross-linked disulfide bonds. There is cellular and plasma fibronectin. Can bind w. Heparin, integrins, collagen, fibrin.

23
Q

Differ btw Ca++ dependent and independent CAMs

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A

Dependent: Cadherins &selectins
Independent:integrins & immunoglobulin super family molecules.

24
Q

Most common type of cadherin also asso. W. Invasive behavior of tumor cells?

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A

E - cadherins

25
3 classes of cadherins & location:
E-cadherins=epithelial N-cadherin=nerve cells P-cadherin= placenta
26
Why are selectins termed lectins?
Since they bind to carbohydrates, they're lectins
27
Function of selectins:
Involved in movement of leukocytes from blood to tissues (extravasation)
28
Major functions of integrins:
Cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Bind to molecules in the extracellular such as fibronectin and laminin. Interacts w/ RGD Arg- Gly-Asp sequence in fibronectin and laminin. DUAL FUNCTION BIND TO EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX AND INTERNAL CYTOSKELTON
29
3 categories of junctional complexes:
Adherens: anchor cells together and reinforces integrity of tissue. Occludens: impermeable barrier btw adjacent cells, preventing paracellular transport, [ ] gradient Gap junctions: Enable cells to rapidly exchange ions and small molecules for life coordination Both interact w/ actin
30
Zonula:
Belt-like-all the way around circumference of cell---adherens (desmogleins)or occludens
31
Macula:
"Spot" adherens-also called desmosomes
32
Hemidesmosome structure:
Anchoring junctions to basal domain of epithelial cell to basal lamina. Consisting of cytoplasmic plate asso. W/ IF (keratin), a membrane plaque linking to basal lamina, and integrins.
33
Structure and function of zonula occludens
Tight junction; provides barrier against paracellular transport pathway- Claudins and occludins are transmembrane proteins asso. W/ this function.
34
Pemphigus foliaceus relationship to junctional complex components:
Desmoglein 1- zonula complex cadherin protein that has auto antibody mediated blistering disease attack it which causes a loss of adhesion of keratinocytes in the superficial layers of the epidermis.
35
Structure of gap junction and differ connexons vs connexins:
Composed of connexons: each containing 6 connexins forming hexagonal struture w/ hollow center. Clustered in patches.
36
Singer and Nicholson fluid mosaic cell membrane:
1972-phospholipid bilayer forming thin oily fluid comprised of membrane and integral proteins. Cholesterol is also in bilayer
37
Membrane proteins
Asso. W. Membrane through protein-protein interaction typically involving ionic bonds that can easily be dissociated from membrane
38
Integral proteins:
Inserted into membrane and can only be dissociated by reagents that disrupt hydrophobic interactions.
39
What phospholipid classes are in outer leaflet
Cholesterol, phosphatidyl choline, sphingomyelin, glycolipids, glycosylphosphatidyl inositol
40
What phospholipids are found in inner leaflet?
Cholesterol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol
41
Functions glycolipids on membrane?
Carbohydrate facing outwards...creates a new coat involved in cell-to cell interactions and conveys antigenicity
42
Describe lipid rafts
Small patches of cholesterol, sphingolipids. Function: compartmentalize cellular processes; assembling signaling molecules, membrane fluidity/protein trafficking, regulating neurotransmission/ receptor trafficking
43
Glycocalyx
Carb coat on extracellular of cell composed of glycolipids and glycoproteins.
44
Functions of glycocalyx:
Protects cell from ionic and mechanical stress & serve as barrier against micro organisms, involved in cell to cell interactions.
45
Membrane proteins =
Peripheral proteins
46
Integral proteins must have
Hydrophobic core for insertion into membrane, most pass through both layers.
47
Peripheral proteins:
Can be attached to membrane by GPI. Found either outer or inner leaflet.
48
MEchanisms for moving materials across cell membranes:
Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion (Req's transporter), active transport[req's energy and transporter against gradient]. All others go w. Gradient
49
Unitransporter
Carrier single molecule or ion unidirectionally
50
Symporters
Co-transporter, carries 2 molecules simultaneously in same direction
51
Antiporters
Co-transporter, carries 2 molecules simultaneously in different direction

Histology (13 decks)

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