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Histology > [2] Lecture 16 Skeletal Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

[2] Lecture 16 Skeletal Muscle Tissue Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

3 types of muscle tissue:

A

Skeletal
Smooth (involuntary)
Cardiac

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2
Q 
Multinucleated syncytium
Myotube matures into myocyte
Peripheral nuclei 
Sarcomeric arrangement
Each fiber innervated via a single motor axon 
Contraction is 'all or none'
TROPONIN C
50-60 micron diameter myocyte
A

Skeletal muscle characterics

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3
Q

Skeletal muscle cells[fibers] are formed by hundreds of individual mononucleated myoblasts join end to end when?

A

During embryonic development

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4
Q

Myotube matures into the cylindrical ________ w/ hundreds of nuclei

A

Myocyte

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5
Q

Notable feature in photomicrographs of skeletal muscle?

A

Cross-banding

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6
Q

Skeletal Muscle primarily used for oxidative phosphorylation

A

Type I

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7
Q

Skeletal Muscle type used for aerobic and anaerobic respiration for ATP

A

Type IIA

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8
Q

Skeletal Muscle used for anaerobic respiration

A

Type IIB

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9
Q

Skeletal muscle w/:
Intense staining for oxidative enzymes
Rich in NADH transferase, myoglobin,
Possess MANY mitochondria

A

Type I

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10
Q

SKeletal muscle intermediate staining for oxdative enzymes

A

Type IIA

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11
Q

Skeletal muscle w/ light staining for oxidative enzymes

A

Type IIB

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12
Q

Skeletal muscle that produces slow and continuous contractions

Referred to as dark or red fibers

A

Type I

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13
Q

Skeletal muscle that contracts more rapidly than Type I fibers
Resistance to fatigue

A

Type IIA

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14
Q

Skeletal muscle that contracts more rapidly Type I or Type IIA myofibers

Rich in ATPase

Fatigue quickly

Referred to as white or light fibers

A

Type IIB

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15
Q

Using a NAD stain (looks for oxidative phosphorylation) which type of fiber would stain darker? Type I or type II?

A

Type I will stain darker than type II myofiber skeletal muscle

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16
Q

Mononucleated cells
No sarcomeric arrangement
Do not respond to ‘all or none’
Cells connected via gap junctions

A

Smooth muscle

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17
Q 
Mononucleated cells 
Centrally positioned nuclei 
Cells often branched 
Sarcomeric arrangement
Cells communicate via gap junctions: intercalated discs
Cells not directly innervated
A

Cardiac muscle

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18
Q

A muscle is composed of many:

A

Fascicles

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19
Q

A bundle of myofibers

A

Fascicle

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20
Q

A bundle of myofibrils

A

Myofiber

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21
Q

Linear array of sarcomeres

A

Myofibril

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22
Q

Made up of filaments:
Thick-myosin
Thin-actin

A

Sarcomere

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23
Q

A muscle is covered by a CT sheet call the

A

Epimysium

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24
Q

A fascicle is surrounded by a CT sheet called:

A

Permysium

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25
__________ consists of fibroblasts and type I collagen fibers
Perimysium
26
A muscle cell and is surrounded by a cell membrane
Myofiber
27
Cell membrane that surrounds a myofiber (muscle cell)
Sarcolemma
28
Covers the muscle fiber, including the sarcolemma
Endomysium
29
consists of basal lamina and reticular collagen fibers
Endomysium
30
Secreted by muscle cells anchors muscle fibers to each other Helps to distribute the force of contraction
Basal lamina
31
Skeletal muscle T tubule
Invagination of the sarcolemma
32
Sarcomeres separate from each other by transverse disks or bands called:
Z bands/disks
33
Which band consists of thick filaments (myosin)
A band
34
Portion of the actin filaments not w/in the myosin bundle form which band?
I band
35
Consists of only thick (myosin) filaments
H band
36
Located in the the middle of the A band
H band
37
2 bands that disappear during contraction:
H and I H can actually disappear
38
Which band doesnt change during contraction:
A band
39
Hydrolysis of creatine __________ is catalyzed by ___________ in a reversible reaction generating creatine and ATP
Phosphate; creatine kinase
40
Dimeric protein w/ long tails and 2 heads @ one end
Myosin
41
Myosin has 3 binding regions:
Actin-binding ATP-binding Light-chain binding
42
Similar to calmodulin; but have lost the ability to bind Ca++ Essential and regulatory
2 pairs of light chains on myosin
43
Thought to contribute to stability of myosin head
Essential light chains of myosin
44
Req'd to maintain the stability of myosin II; sites for phosphate binding
Regulatory light chains of myosin
45
Where can myosin bind ATP? Where can it not?
Heads are the binding domains Self-assembly region cant bind it is only tails.
46
Polymer of G actin Each actin filament consists of 2 polymers wound in an alpha-helix configuration Plus end inserts on Z disk
F actin
47
Actin-asso. Molecules (2)
Troponin | Tropomyosin
48
Sits in the groove btw 2 actin strands of an actin filament Spans 7 actin monomers
Tropomyosin
49
Troponin complex is comprised of 3 molecules:
Troponin I Troponin C Troponin T
50
Inhibits binding btw actin and myosin
Troponin I
51
Binds Ca+ ions in keletal muscle
Toponin C
52
Binds to tropomyosin Pulls tropomyosin away from binding site; allowing heads to attach
Troponin T
53
Difference w/ T tubules in cardiac and skeletal tissue
Cardiac T tubule is located on Z line Skeletal is located at the A-I junction
54
Heat-shock protein that protects desk in from mechanical stress
Aß-crystallin
55
One of the proteins that links the alpha-actinin/desmin complex to cytoplasmic side of sarcolemma Anchors actin to the sarcolemma Reinforces sarcolemma during muscle contraction
Dystrophin
56
Links dystrophin (intracellular) to laminin-2 (extracellular)
Dystroglycan complex
57
Attaches thin filaments to the Z line
Alpha-actinin
58
Extends from Z disc to end of actin filament Serves as template to regulate length of actin filament
Nebulin
59
Large fibrous protein Extends from Z-disk to middle of H-band and connects ends of thick filaments to Z-line for tension and maintain centered Myosin. Provides myosin w/ elasticity Centers thick filaments in the sarcomere
Titian
60
Framework of desmin filaments which surrounds the Z line and extends into each sarcomere Links myofibrils laterally and to the sarcolemma Facilitates coordinated contraction
Desmin intermediate filaments
61
Binds desmin filaments to each other
Plectin
62
Where desmin inserts on sarcolemma
Costameres
63
Links actin filaments to transmembrane proteins of muscle cell plasma membranes A calponin Transmembrane proteins link to ECM which helps maintain cell stability during muscle contraction
Dystrophin
64
X-linked inherited disease resulting in progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle Dystrophin is either absent or abnormal in patients
Muscular dystrophy
65
Attach to myotube before basal lamina is laid down Generally quiescent Function as stem cells Can become mitotic in times of stress: C-met receptor, HGF Give rise to myogenic precursor cells
Satellite cells
66
Satellite cell receptor is binding site for hepatic growth factor
C-met receptor | And HGF bind together to bring satellite out of hibernation.
67
Replace damaged muscle by proliferating, fusing, and differentiating into skeletal muscle fibers
Satellite cells can rise to myogenic precursor cells
68
Considered reserve cells [stem cells] in muscle
Satellite cells
69
Stain for satellite cells
CD56 stains perinuclear regions but doesnt stain myocytes
70
Growth asso w/ satellite cells :
Increase size/diameter not in number of cells
71
Contains: | Extra/intrafusal fibers, alpha motor neurons, gamma motor fibers, and primary and secondary afferent fibers
Neuromuscular spindle
72
Nuclear bag region is sensory region Nuclear bag and nuclear chain fibers Contain actin/myosin contractile units
Intrafusal fibers
73
Supply extrafusal fibers in neuromuscular spindle
Alpha motor neurons
74
Supplies intrafusal fibers About 30%
Gamma motor fibers
75
Important in coordinating a smooth contraction by communicating w/ CNS brain centers and spinal cord. Also helps to maintain muscle tone Ex: reflexes
Neuromuscular spindle....this is by way of the alpha and gamma motor fibers

Histology (13 decks)

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