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Canine Rehab > Modalities > Flashcards

Modalities Flashcards

1
Q

Contraindications for ultrasound

A 
Directly over heart
Area with embolus
Infected areas or neoplasia
Epiphyseal area of growing bones
Spinal cord post laminectomy
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2
Q

Indications for ultrasound

A 
Decrease pain
Decrease muscle spasm
Increase ROM/decrease stiffness
Increase blood flow/metabolic rate/ tissue healing
Calcific tendinitis
Wound healing
Fracture healing
Fibrotic myopathy
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3
Q

Which ultrasound frequency penetrates further and with more divergence 1 or 3?

A

1

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4
Q

What 3 things does laser therapy accomplish?

A
  1. Relieves pain
  2. Reduces inflammation
  3. Increases microcirculation
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5
Q

What is The application of electromagnetic radiation
within the red and infrared spectrum over
injuries and lesions to stimulate healing and
pain relief within those tissues.”

A

Photobiomodulation

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6
Q

How are lasers classified?

A

By power output and their
potential to cause damage to biological tissue
(especially the eye) if used improperly.

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7
Q

What is a measure of how deep light or any
electromagnetic radiation can penetrate into a material.
It is defined as the depth at which the intensity of the
radiation inside the material falls to 1/e (about 37%) of the
original value at the surface.

A

Penetration depth

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8
Q

What is most important factor for penetration depth?

A

Wavelength

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9
Q

How deep a therapeutic dose of laser therapy penetrates is dependent on 3 things

A

Power
Wavelength
Time

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10
Q

A 10 watt laser will deliver how many joules over one minute?

A

600 joules/minute

1 watt= 1 joule per second so 10 watts equals 10 joulesx60 seconds= 600 joules/ minute

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11
Q

What is heat transfer by direct interaction of molecules in one area with those in another area?

A

Conduction

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12
Q

What type of energy transfer is the use of a hot pavk?

A

Conduction

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13
Q

What is heat transfer by movement of air or fluid from a warm area to a cooler area?

A

Convection

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14
Q

What type of energy transfer is used in a whirlpool?

A

Convection

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15
Q

What process is the exchange of electromagnetic energy that occurs when there is a difference in temperature between 2 objects?

A

Radiation

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16
Q

What is evaporation?

A

Changing liquid to vapor

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17
Q

What is a nonthermal form of energy that penetrates the tissues and is converted to heat?

A

Conversion example is ultrasound

18
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A

The ability of a substance to conduct heat

19
Q

How much should tissue temperature be increased to increase extensibility of tissue?

A

at least 2 degrees

20
Q

What is the Gate theory of pain?

A

Severity of pain sensation is determined by balance of excitability and inhibitory responses to T cells in spinal cord that block C&A delta

21
Q

What is the thermal agent of choice for acute injuries?

A

Cold

22
Q

What depth does 1 MHz ultrasound penetrate?

A

2-5 CM

23
Q

What depth does 3 MHz ultrasound penetrate?

A

1-3 CM

24
Q

True or False Average energy is lower with pulsed ultrasound than continuous?

A

True

25
Q

Does continuous or pulsed ultrasound have the greatest heating effect?

A

Continuous

26
Q

What is NMES?

A

Application of an electrical current to elicit a muscle contraction

27
Q

What are the general uses for NMES?

A

muscle reeducation/strengthening, improving function

28
Q

Which type of muscle fiber is effected the most by disuse atrophy?

A

Type I

29
Q

What is the best frequency for NMES?

A

30-50pps

30
Q

When is NMES best utilized?

A

First 2-4 weeks postop, for atrophy, for selective strengthening of muscle groups

31
Q

What is target dose for superficial tissue with laser?

A

3-4 joules/cm2

32
Q

What is target dose for deep tissues with laser?

A

6-10 joules/cm2

33
Q

How many cm2 is a 3x5 index xard?

A

100cm2

34
Q

With continuous wave laser how many joules is 1 watt for 1 second?

A

1 Joule

35
Q

With pulsed wave laser how many joules is 1 watt per second?

A

1/2 Joule

36
Q

How many cm of tissue depth can shockwave penetrate?

A

11 cm

37
Q

How many days does it take to see visible clinical respomse to shockwave?

A

3-7 days

38
Q

What features of water make it useful in therapy?

A

Thermal, buoyancy, Hydrostatic pressure, surface tension, cohesion and turbulence

39
Q

What % of BW is borne when dog has water level at hip?

A

38%

40
Q

What % of body weight is borne when water is at dog’s lateral condyle of femur?

A

85%

41
Q

What amount of body weight is borne when water level is at arteral malleolus of tibia?

A

91%

Canine Rehab (20 decks)

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