Quiz III

Question 1

Static stretching involves positioning the joints so that muscles and connective tissues are stretched and held for:
Select one:

a.
10-15 seconds

b.
3-5 seconds

c.
15-30 seconds

d.
5-10 seconds

Answer 1

15-30 seconds

Question 2

Range of motion exercises can accelerate postoperative recovery.
Select one:
True
False

Answer 2

True’.

Question 3

The range of motion protocol for most conditions consists of:
Select one:

a.
20-30 repetitions, 1-2 times per day

b.
5-10 repetitions, 4-6 times per day

c.
15-20 repetitions, 2-4 times per day

d.
10-20 repetitions, once per day

Answer 3

15-20 repetitions, 2-4 times per day

Question 4

When is passive range of motion indicated?
Select one or more:

a.
In the subacute and chronic stage if there is not full range of motion and stretching is needed

b.
When there is an inflammatory reaction present in a joint and active movement is painful

c.
When there is an inflammatory reaction present in a joint

d.
Whenever there is pain associated with movement

Answer 4

When there is an inflammatory reaction present in a joint and active movement is painful
In the subacute and chronic stage if there is not full range of motion and stretching is needed

Question 5

Passive range of motion is a valuable tool in preventing muscle atrophy.
Select one:
True
False

Answer 5

‘False’.

Question 6

Not all tissues respond to stretching in the same way, so you must consider which tissues limit mobility before doing stretching exercises.
Select one:
True
False

Answer 6

True’.

Question 7

Which of the following contribute to decreased proprioception? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:

a.
Increasing range of motion

b.
Osteoarthritis

c.
Damaged or decreasing number of mechanoreceptors

d.
Increasing age

Answer 7

Increasing age
Osteoarthritis
Damaged or decreasing number of mechanoreceptors

Question 8

Because fatigue reduces proprioception, a warm-up period before exercise is not recommended.
Select one:
True
False

Answer 8

False’.

Question 9

Therapeutic exercises immediately following cryotherapy or periods of joint cooling is not recommended due to increased joint stiffness and decreased proprioception.
Select one:
True
False

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Which of the following can be beneficial in developing a treatment protocol to increase proprioception? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:

a.
Cavaletti rails

b.
Assisted treadmill walking

c.
Aquatic Therapy

d.
Weave poles

e.
Uneven, unsteady surfaces

Answer 10

Aquatic Therapy
Cavaletti rails
Weave poles
Uneven, unsteady surfaces
Assisted treadmill walking

Question 11

Taking girth measurements is highly variable even among trained individuals. As a result, the only way to collect reliable girth data is for the same individual to always take the measurements.
Select one:
True
False

Answer 11

False’.

Question 12

Measuring which outcome is usually most important to dog owners?
Select one:

a.
Gait patterns

b.
Return to function

c.
Muscle girth

d.
Joint range of motion

Answer 12

Return to function

Question 13

Range of motion measurements with a goniometer can provide which of the following benefits? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:

a.
Diagnosing joint disease

b.
Assessing the response to therapy

c.
Selecting appropriate therapy

d.
Monitoring the progression of a disease

Answer 13

Diagnosing joint disease
Monitoring the progression of a disease
Assessing the response to therapy
Selecting appropriate therapy
Correct

Question 14

Normal forces on the rear limbs are greatest during:
Select one:

a.
Trot

b.
Stance

c.
Walk

Answer 14

Trot

Question 15

Which of the following is most beneficial in detecting changes in joint angles and stride length within an individual?
Select one:

a.
Standardized Lameness Score

b.
Kinematic Gait Analysis

c.
Girthometers

d.
Force Plate Gait Analysis

Answer 15

Kinematic Gait Analysis

Question 16

Force plate analysis of gait can compare lameness over a period of time with certainty.
Select one:
True
False

Answer 16

‘True

Question 17

Why is it important to measure and assess progress during therapy? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:

a.
Provides documentation for the owner to justify treatment

b.
Monitoring progress can lead to improving or changing protocols

c.
Provides an accurate case history for the veterinary team to reference

Answer 17

Monitoring progress can lead to improving or changing protocols
Provides documentation for the owner to justify treatment
Provides an accurate case history for the veterinary team to reference
Correct

Question 18

The goal for most dogs doing aquatic therapy is to work up to how long?
Select one:

a.
2-3 minutes

b.
5-7 minutes

c.
10-20 minutes

d.
1-2 hours

Answer 18

10-20 minutes

Question 19

Swimming a dog to fatigue is the quickest and most effective way to achieve therapeutic goals.
Select one:
True
False

Answer 19

‘False’.

Question 20

In order to maximize hip and stifle flexion, how much water should be used in the underwater treadmill?
Select one:

a.
Do not use water

b.
Fill water to the stifle

c.
Fill water to the hip

d.
Fill water to the hock

Answer 20

Fill water to the stifle

Question 21

Where can aquatic exercise be performed? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:

a.
Underwater Treadmill

b.
Whirlpool

c.
Lake

d.
Pool

Answer 21

Pool
Whirlpool
Underwater Treadmill
Lake

Question 22

Submerging a dog so that the level of the water barely touches the chest will reduce the dog’s weight by:
Select one:

a.
15%

b.
38%

c.
8%

d.
65%

Answer 22

15%

Question 23

Aquatic therapy would be indicated for which of the following? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:

a.
Neurological impairment

b.
Osteoarthritis

c.
Muscle weakness

d.
Chronic soft tissue injuries

e.
Cardiac dysfunction

Answer 23

Chronic soft tissue injuries
Osteoarthritis
Muscle weakness
Neurological impairment

Question 24

Which of the following are contraindications for aquatic therapy? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:

a.
Decreased thermal sensation

b.
Surface infections

c.
Postoperative fractures

d.
Severe peripheral vascular disease

e.
Respiratory dysfunctions

Answer 24

Respiratory dysfunctions
Decreased thermal sensation
Surface infections
Severe peripheral vascular disease
Correct

Question 25

Water has many unique features. Match the features below with their corresponding definition.
Water has a high specific heat and thermal conductivity, therefore water is able to heat or cool the body rapidly. Answer 1
Thermal Effects

This is caused by a body moving through water and it creates greater resistance to movement Answer 2
Turbulence

Contributes to the resistance encountered while moving through water because force is required to separate the molecules Answer 3
Cohesion

Pressure exerted by water on the body. Answer 4
Hydrostatic Pressure

Upward thrust of water acting on body that creates an apparent decrease in body weight while submersed. Answer 5

Answer 25

The correct answer is: Water has a high specific heat and thermal conductivity, therefore water is able to heat or cool the body rapidly. → Thermal Effects, This is caused by a body moving through water and it creates greater resistance to movement → Turbulence, Contributes to the resistance encountered while moving through water because force is required to separate the molecules → Cohesion, Pressure exerted by water on the body. → Hydrostatic Pressure, Upward thrust of water acting on body that creates an apparent decrease in body weight while submersed. → Buoyancy

Question 26

Which of the following are contraindications for aquatic therapy? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:

a.
Decreased thermal sensation

b.
Surface infections

c.
Postoperative fractures

d.
Severe peripheral vascular disease

e.
Respiratory dysfunctions

Answer 26

Respiratory dysfunctions
Decreased thermal sensation
Surface infections
Severe peripheral vascular disease
Correct

Question 27

Which exercise would be most appropriate for improving power in the rear limbs?
Select one:

a.
Walking on decline ramps and slopes

b.
Swimming

c.
Slow walks

d.
Stair climbing

Answer 27

Stair climbing

Question 28

Slow walks for post-operative patients should be performed at a speed that encourages weight-bearing.
Select one:
True
False

Answer 28

True’.

Question 29

Dancing exercises should only be done going in a forward direction because injuries are common when they are done going in a backward direction.
Select one:
True
False

Answer 29

False’.

Question 30

Which of the following are guidelines to consider when incorporating therapeutic exercise? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:

a.
Vary the routine

b.
When given the option, choose non-voluntary activities over voluntary activities

c.
Try a number of different activities to find what works best for the patient

d.
Allow the patient to guide the increase in activity

Answer 30

Vary the routine
Try a number of different activities to find what works best for the patient
Allow the patient to guide the increase in activity

Question 31

Which of the following is particularly useful in helping dogs lengthen their stride?
Select one:

a.
Wheelbarrowing

b.
Cavaletti rails

c.
Jogging

d.
Dancing

Answer 31

Cavaletti rails

Question 32

Identify the following end feels.
No end point is reached because the patient complains of severe pain before resistance is reached. Answer 1
Empty

Motion is stopped by compression of soft tissues.	Answer 2
Tissue Approximation (Soft)

Abnormal, abrupt halt to the movement. Answer 3
Bone to Bone (Hard)

A feeling of firm but slightly yielding stop. Answer 4
Capsular

A rebound is felt at the limit of motion

Answer 32

No end point is reached because the patient complains of severe pain before resistance is reached. → Empty, Motion is stopped by compression of soft tissues. → Tissue Approximation (Soft), Abnormal, abrupt halt to the movement. → Bone to Bone (Hard), A feeling of firm but slightly yielding stop. → Capsular, A rebound is felt at the limit of motion → Springy Block

Question 33

Which of the following guidelines are appropriate for joint mobilization?
Select one or more:

a.
Mild to moderate levels of pain should be expected

b.
The dog should be relaxed

c.
The therapist should be comfortable

d.
The joint needs to be readily accessible

Answer 33

The dog should be relaxed
The therapist should be comfortable
The joint needs to be readily accessible

Question 34

Identify the following:
Movement taken to end range and small oscillations are applied. Useful in increasing range of motion. Answer 1

A small movement. There is a small “bounding” motion applied. Good treatment with a very painful joint. Answer 2

Movement is applied to mid range then almost back to resting before another larger amplitude is applied. Provides both a neuromodulatory effect and vascular effect. Answer 3

Large movement in which the mobilization is taken to the end range and then brought back to mid range.

Answer 34

Movement taken to end range and small oscillations are applied. Useful in increasing range of motion. → Grade IV Mobilization, A small movement. There is a small “bounding” motion applied. Good treatment with a very painful joint. → Grade I Mobilization, Movement is applied to mid range then almost back to resting before another larger amplitude is applied. Provides both a neuromodulatory effect and vascular effect. → Grade II Mobilization, Large movement in which the mobilization is taken to the end range and then brought back to mid range. → Grade III Mobilization

Question 35

When a concave joint surface moves on a convex surface, how does the gliding occur?
Select one:

a.
The gliding occurs in the opposite direction as the shaft of the bone moves

b.
A concave joint surface cannot move on a convex surface

c.
The gliding occurs in the same direction as the shaft of the bone moves

Answer 35

The gliding occurs in the same direction as the shaft of the bone moves

Question 36

When a convex joint surface moves on a concave surface, how does the gliding occur?
Select one:

a.
A convex joint surface cannot move on a concave surface

b.
The gliding occurs in the opposite direction as the shaft of the bone moves

c.
The gliding occurs in the same direction as the shaft of the bone moves

Answer 36

The gliding occurs in the opposite direction as the shaft of the bone moves

Question 37

Trotting has what kind of change on joint excursion angles compared to walking?
Select one:

a.
Decreases joint excursions by 10°

b.
Increases joint excursions by 10°

c.
Decreases joint excursions by 5°

d.
Increases joint excursions by 5°

Answer 37

Increases joint excursions by 5°

Question 38

When is hock flexion greater?
Select one:

a.
When the stifle is flexed

b.
When the stifle is extended

Answer 38

When the stifle is flexed

Question 39

Rehabilitation following cranial cruciate injury and surgical repair should focus on which of the following?
Select one:

a.
Strength recovery of tensor fasciae latae

b.
Strength recovery of femoral biceps

c.
Strength recovery of psoas

d.
Strength recovery of quadriceps

Answer 39

Strength recovery of quadriceps

Question 40

Placing a weight distally on a limb decreases the moment arm length and increases the force to move the limb.
Select one:
True
False

Answer 40

‘False’.

Question 41

Understanding joint surfaces helps to determine the possible joint motions based on articular surface shape.
Select one:
True
False

Answer 41

True’.

Question 42

Muscle velocity is proportional to: (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:

a.
Fiber cross-sectional area

b.
Fiber length

c.
Number of sarcomeres in series

d.
Total cross-sectional area of sarcomeres

Answer 42

Number of sarcomeres in series

Fiber length

Question 43

What class of lever is elbow flexion?
Select one:

a.
Class III

b.
Class I

c.
Class II

Answer 43

Class III

Question 44

At what length do muscles generate the most amount of tension?
Select one:

a.
Very long lengths

b.
Intermediate lengths

c.
Very short lengths

Answer 44

Intermediate lengths

Question 45

Which of the following would be most beneficial if you want to maximize extension and total range of motion for the coxofemoral joint?
Select one:

a.
Decline walking

b.
Flat surface walking

c.
Incline walking

d.
Stair ascent

Answer 45

Stair ascent

Question 46

Which of the following would be most beneficial if you want to maximize the total range of motion for the shoulder joint?
Select one:

a.
Stair ascent

b.
Flat surface trotting

c.
Flat surface walking

d.
Incline walking (ramp)

Answer 46

Incline walking (ramp)

Question 47

The shoulder has decreased range of motion and flexion while stepping over rails.
Select one:
True
False

Answer 47

‘True’.

Question 48

Treadmills can be advantageous for rehabilitation and monitoring progression because the kinematic characteristics of gait on treadmills are comparable to walking over the ground.
Select one:
True
False

Answer 48

True’.

Question 49

Which of the following has the least amount of hip and hock total range of motion?
Select one:

a.
Decline walking

b.
Forward dancing

c.
Flat surface trotting

d.
Flat surface walking

Answer 49

Forward dancing

Question 50

Sit to stand exercise has a total range of motion for the hock and stifle which is:
Select one:

a.
Same as walking

b.
Greater than walking

c.
Less than walking

Answer 50

Greater than walking

Question 51

Greater joint extension and flexion occur in the pelvic limb during:
Select one:

a.
Stair descent

b.
Decline walking

Answer 51

Stair descent

Question 52

Which or the following cardiovascular changes increase with exercise? (mark all that apply)
Select one or more:

a.
Heart rate

b.
Oxygen extraction

c.
Cardiac output

d.
Muscle blood flow

Answer 52

Cardiac output
Muscle blood flow
Heart rate
Oxygen extraction

Question 53

Match the following:
Incorporates a specific exercise into a type of sporting event or activity. Answer 1

Involves performing physical exercise that prepares muscle for a specific task. Answer 2

Exercising a system to a level beyond that which it is accustomed. Answer 3

Training, conditioning, overloading

Answer 53

The correct answer is: Incorporates a specific exercise into a type of sporting event or activity. → Training, Involves performing physical exercise that prepares muscle for a specific task. → Conditioning, Exercising a system to a level beyond that which it is accustomed. → Overloading

Question 54

Which diet increases the stamina of exercising dogs?
Select one:

a.
Low fat, high carbohydrate

b.
High fat, high carbohydrate

c.
Moderate fat, moderate carbohydrate

d.
High fat, low carbohydrate

Answer 54

High fat, low carbohydrate

Question 55

When exercising a healthy dog there is a low likelihood of respiratory fatigue.
Select one:
True
False

Answer 55

‘True’.

Question 56

Which of the following exercises are appropriate for strength and speed training?
Select one or more:

a.
Incline treadmill

b.
Uphill sprinting

c.
Trotting up inclines or stairs

d.
Pulling a resistance load

e.
Swimming against jets

Answer 56

Uphill sprinting
Incline treadmill
Pulling a resistance load
Swimming against jets
Trotting up inclines or stairs

Question 57

Prerequisites for a prosthesis include which of the following? (mark all that apply)

Select one or more:

a.
Stump must be healthy

b.
Limbs must have proper innervation motor control

c.
Joint motion must be compatible with limb use

d.
Forelimb must have humerus, elbow and proximal 3/4 of the antebrachium

e.
Patient must have functional limbs

Answer 57

Forelimb must have humerus, elbow and proximal 1/3 of the antebrachium

The correct answers are:
Patient must have functional limbs
Limbs must have proper innervation motor control
Joint motion must be compatible with limb use
Stump must be healthy

Question 58

An ideal prosthesis would have which of the following features? (mark all that apply)

Select one or more:

a.
Waterproof

b.
Easy to close (or tighten) and open (or loosen)

c.
Soft contact layer to avoid skin abrasions

d.
Offers good traction on all surfaces

e.
Durable with a wear resistant sole

f.
Pylon stiff and strong enough to allow the dog to run

Answer 58

The correct answers are:
Easy to close (or tighten) and open (or loosen)
Soft contact layer to avoid skin abrasions
Pylon stiff and strong enough to allow the dog to run
Waterproof
Offers good traction on all surfaces
Durable with a wear resistant sole

Question 59

Management of orthoses and prostheses include which of the following? (mark all that apply)

Select one or more:

a.
Check the device daily

b.
Clean the device daily

c.
Check the dog’s skin daily for abrasions and irritations

d.
Assess the wear of surfaces that contact the ground

Answer 59

The correct answers are:
Check the dog’s skin daily for abrasions and irritations
Check the device daily
Clean the device daily
Assess the wear of surfaces that contact the ground

Question 60

Rigid orthoses are most commonly used on which areas?

Select one:

a.
Elbow or knee

b.
Shoulder or Hip

c.
Carpus or hock

Answer 60

: Carpus or hock