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Basic Orthopaedic Sciences > Metals > Flashcards

Metals Flashcards

1
Q

What is fatigue failure?

A

Failure below the ultimate tensile strength of the material related to repetitive loading

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2
Q

What is the endurance limit?

A

The maximal stress at which the material is immune to fatigue failure

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3
Q

Name 3 different types of corrosion?

A

Galvanic
Fretting
Crevice

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4
Q

Mechanism behind crevice corrosion?

A

Fatigue cracks lead to differences in oxygen tension

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5
Q

What is fretting corrosion?

A

Corrosion ar a contact site from relative micro motion of two materials or two components

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6
Q

Titanium favoured for?

A

Nails

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7
Q

Advantages of titanium? 3

A

Biocompatible
Corrosion resistant
Closest Youngs modulus to bone (therefore load sharing)

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8
Q

Main disadvantage of Ti

A

NOTCH SENSITIVITY

Poor resistance to wear

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9
Q

Components of stainless steel?

A 
Iron carbon alloy
Chromium
Molybendum
Managanese
Nickel
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10
Q

Advantages of stainless steel? 2

A

Very stiff

Fracture resistant

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11
Q

2 main disadvantages of steel?

A

Stress shielding

Susceptible to corrosion

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12
Q

Components of cobalt? 3

A

Cobalt
Chromium
Molybendum

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13
Q

Advantages of cobalt? 2

A

Strong

Better resistance to corrosion than steel

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14
Q

What is a passivation layer?

A

Oxidization layer that prevents against corrosion

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15
Q

Strength of a metal dependant on?

A
  1. Crystalline structure
  2. Grain size (smaller better)
  3. Density
  4. Defects (intragranular imperfections - vacancies/dislocations)
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16
Q

3 Microscopic structure of pure metals?

A
  1. Hexagonal close packed (marbles - ABA)
  2. Body centred cubic (ABC)
  3. Face centred cubic
17
Q

Main forging processes of metals?

A
  1. Cold working
  2. Strain hardening
  3. Hot working
18
Q

What is strain hardening?

A

Strengthening of a metal by plastic deformation

19
Q

What is annealing?

A

Heating to just below melting temperature - cooling - then cold working

20
Q

What does annealing do?

A

Decreases free radicles

Heat increases ductility

21
Q

What does cold working do to a metal?

A

Induces strain hardening by increasing dislocations within the material crystal structure

22
Q

What is ti made from? 3

A

Titanium
Alumnium
Vanadium

Basic Orthopaedic Sciences (25 decks)

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