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Basic Orthopaedic Sciences > Non-metals > Flashcards

Non-metals Flashcards

1
Q

What is polyethylene made of?

A

Polymer of ethylene with covalent bonds

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2
Q

What 2 processes are used to synthesise polyethylene?

A
  1. Condensation polymerization

2. Addition polymerisation

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3
Q

UHMWPE and PMMA are formed by?

A

Addition polymerisation

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4
Q

What is ram extrusion?

A

Pre compressed powder is heated and pressurised into a rod

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5
Q

What is sheet compression moulding?

A

Heated powder with applied pressure for a longer period (24hours) to increase homogenicity

(Then undergoes milling to achieve desired shape)

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6
Q

What is direct compression moulding?

A

Resin pressurised and heated in a single mould

better = smoother surface

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7
Q

What is hot isostatic compression moulding?

A

Cold pressing the resin into a bar then heating it under pressure in an inert atmosphere

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8
Q

What does gamma irradiation of the poly do? 2

A

Sterilized

Improves cross linking

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9
Q

Why is poly packaged in an inert gas?

A

To prevent oxidation and degredation

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10
Q

Advantages of UHMWPE? 4

A

Tough
Ductile
Resilient
Resistant to wear

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11
Q

PMMA function?

A

Fixation and load distribution in orthopaedic implants

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12
Q

Components of the powder of PMMA? 4

A
  1. Polymer
  2. Benzoyl peroxide (Initiator)
  3. Barium sulfate (Radio opacifier)
  4. Coloring agent
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13
Q

Components of the liquid of PMMA? 3

A
  1. Monomer
  2. DMPT (accelerator) - Dimethyl para toluidine
  3. Hydroquinone (stabiliser)
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14
Q

Features of PMMA? 3

A
  1. Youngs Mod btw cortical and cancellous bone
  2. Strongest in compression
  3. Poor tensile and shear strength
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15
Q

What are ceramics composed of?

A

Inorganic metal and non-metal compounds

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16
Q

Electron bonds in ceramics?

A

Ionic/ covalent bonds

17
Q

2 major ceramics used in Ortho?

A

Aluminia

Zirconia

18
Q

Features of Ceramics?

A 
Brittle
Wettable
Hardness
Inert
Transformational toughness
Efficient

Barry WHITE

19
Q

Disadvantages of additions to PMMA? 2

A
  1. Antibiotics must be heat stable

2. Addition of barium + abs reduce the mechanical properties

Basic Orthopaedic Sciences (25 decks)

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