1.03 Approaches to psychology

Question 1

based on Freud’s work

Answer 1

psychodynamic

Question 2

based on Watson and Skinner’s work

Answer 2

behavioral

Question 3

leaders include Maslow and Rogers

Answer 3

humanistic

Question 4

influenced by Gestalt psychology and the development of computers

Answer 4

cognitive

Question 5

focus on the unconscious mind

Answer 5

psychodynamic

Question 6

focus on early childhoold experiences

Answer 6

psychodynamic

Question 7

also called psychoanalytic approach

Answer 7

psychodynamic

Question 8

emphasis on learning and conditioning

Answer 8

behavioral

Question 9

classical and operant conditioning

Answer 9

behavioral

Question 10

responses followed by pleasurable consequences are strengthened

Answer 10

behavioral

Question 11

example: child who cries is rewarded by getting attention, then cries again in the future

Answer 11

behavioral

Question 12

idea of reinforcement

Answer 12

behavioral

Question 13

focus on people’s ability to direct their own lives

Answer 13

humanistic

Question 14

people have free will

Answer 14

humanistic

Question 15

goal is self-actualization

Answer 15

humanistic

Question 16

a form of psychotherapy aimed and self-understanding and self-improvement

Answer 16

humanistic

Question 17

focuses on how people think, remember, store and use information

Answer 17

cognitive

Question 18

uses tools like MRI and PET scans

Answer 18

cognitive

Question 19

early leader was Lev Vygotsky

Answer 19

sociocultural

Question 20

emphasizes that behavior is influenced by social norms, class differences and ethnic identity

Answer 20

sociocultural

Question 21

uses cross-cultural research

Answer 21

sociocultural

Question 22

field that discovered the bystander effect

Answer 22

sociocultural

Question 23

study of the biological bases of behavior and mental processes

Answer 23

biological

Question 24

part of the larger field of neuroscience

Answer 24

biological

Question 25

sees human behavior as a direct result of events in the body

Answer 25

biological

Question 26

emphasis on hormones, heredity, brain chemicals, diseases

Answer 26

biological

Question 27

field that would most likely study a genetic cause for schizophrenia

Answer 27

biological

Question 28

field that would most likely study hormonal links to sexual orientation

Answer 28

biological

Question 29

first suggested by George L. Engel

Answer 29

biopsychosocial

Question 30

combines three major facets of an individual in trying to explain him/her psychologically

Answer 30

biopsychosocial

Question 31

considered a holistic approach

Answer 31

biopsychosocial

Question 32

considered an eclectic approach

Answer 32

biopsychosocial

Question 33

focuses on biological bases for universal mental characteristics of all humans

Answer 33

evolutionary

Question 34

seeks to explain general mental strategies and traits

Answer 34

evolutionary

Question 35

mind is seen as the result of natural selection

Answer 35

evolutionary

Question 36

views the human behavior of not eating bitter substances as an adaptive behavior

Answer 36

evolutionary