Chapter 3 - Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies Flashcards

1
Q

anaphylaxis

A

a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction

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2
Q

antagonist (drugs)

A

a substance that stops the action or effect of another substance

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3
Q

aromatherapy

A

the use of aromatic plant extracts and essential oils in massage or baths

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4
Q

Ayurveda

A

The system of medicine that originated in India and is still practiced today. Its goal is to balance body doshas or factors so that a healthy mind and body result. Special dietary plans, yoga, and herbal remedies are commonly used in ayurvedic medicine.

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5
Q

contraindication

A

a specific situation in which a drug, procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful to the person

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6
Q

controlled substance

A

a drug or chemical whose manufacture, possession, or use is regulated by a government, such as illicitly used drugs or prescription medications

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7
Q

Controlled Substances Act (CSA)

A

a 1971 federal statute establishing federal U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, importation, possession, use, and distribution of certain substances is regulated; it created the five schedules of controlled substances

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8
Q

craniosacral therapy

A

(considered a pseudoscience) a form of alternative therapy that uses gentle touch to palpate the synarthrodial joints of the cranium

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9
Q

dosage

A

the total amount of the drug given over a period of time

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10
Q

dose

A

the amount of a drug given at a single time

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11
Q

dosha

A

(in Ayurveda) any one of the three categories or types of substances that are believed to be present in a person’s body

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12
Q

drug interactions

A

something that occurs when a drug’s effect is modified by combining it with another drug, food, herbal compounds, or other material

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13
Q

four categories of drug effects

A

Once a drug is administered to the human body it will produce a series of effects, which can be divided into four categories: (1) the effect the dose has on the body, (2) the time the drug is in the system, (3) the variables that influence how the drug interacts with the body, and (4) toxic effects of the drug

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14
Q

generic name

A

A unique, official, simple name for a specific drug. This name is considered easy to remember accurately and is used in many circumstances

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15
Q

herbs

A

plants commonly derived from the leafy green or flowering parts of a plant that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, for medicinal purposes, or for fragrances

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16
Q

holistic

A

(in regards to medicine) characterized by the treatment of the whole person, taking into account mental and social factors, rather than just the symptoms of a disease

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17
Q

homeopathy

A

(considered a pseudoscience) the treatment of disease by minute doses of natural substances that in a healthy person would produce symptoms of disease

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18
Q

iatrogenic reaction

A

a negative effect on the body caused by a medication error, drug overdose, or unusual response

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19
Q

idiosyncratic reaction

A

also called paradoxic reaction; it is an unexpected or unusual response to a drug

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20
Q

illicit

A

forbidden by law, rules, or custom

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21
Q

indication

A

a valid reason to use a certain test, medication, procedure, or surgery

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22
Q

meridians

A

(in acupuncture and Chinese medicine) each of a set of pathways in the body along which vital energy is said to flow. There are twelve such pathways associated with specific organs

23
Q

naturopathy

A

a system of alternative medicine based on the theory that diseases can be successfully treated or prevented without the use of drugs, by techniques such as control of diet, exercise, and massage

24
Q

non-contact therapeutic touch

A

an alternative medicine practice that involves placing the hands over a patient, purportedly to manipulate an energy field that surrounds the body

25
Q

occupational therapy

A

a healthcare profession that involves the use of assessment and intervention to develop, recover, or maintain the meaningful activities, or occupations, of individuals, groups, or communities

26
Q

osteopathy

A

a branch of alternative medical practice that emphasizes the treatment of medical disorders through the manipulation and massage of the bones, joints, and muscles

27
Q

parenteral drug administration

A

any non-oral means of administration, but is generally interpreted as relating to injecting directly into the body, bypassing the skin and mucous membranes

28
Q

patient compliance

A

patient’s adherence to medical directions

29
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

the branch of pharmacology concerned with the movement of drugs within the body

30
Q

pharmacology

A

the study of drugs, their actions, dosage, therapeutic uses (indications), and adverse effects

31
Q

pharmacotherapeutics

A

the study of the therapeutic uses and effects of drugs

32
Q

physiotherapy

A

also called physical therapy; a treatment method that focuses on the science of movement and helps people to restore, maintain and maximize their physical strength, function, motion and overall well-being by addressing the underlying physical issues

33
Q

placebo

A

a substance or treatment which has no therapeutic value, but may have a psychological impact

34
Q

placental barrier

A

a semipermeable membrane made up of placental tissues and limiting the kind and amount of material exchanged between mother and fetus

35
Q

potentiation

A

a description of what happens when one drug does not elicit a response on its own but enhances the response to another drug

36
Q

prescription

A

a signed legal document that must include the patient’s personal information, the prescriber’s personal information, the name and amount of the drug, any permissions for additional drugs, and the dosage, route of bodily entry, and directions for taking the drug

37
Q

reflexology

A

a form of alternative medicine that involves the application of pressure to areas on the feet (or the hands). The theory behind reflexology is that areas of the foot correspond to organs and systems of the body.

38
Q

Schedule I drug

A

a drug with no medicinal qualities that has the highest potential for abuse and dependence (e.g. Heroin)

39
Q

Schedule II drug

A

a drug with limited medicinal qualities that has a high potential for abuse and dependence (e.g. Morphine)

40
Q

Schedule III drug

A

a drug that has accepted medicinal qualities with moderate potential for abuse and dependence (e.g. Tylenol with Codeine)

41
Q

Schedule IV drug

A

a drug that has accepted medicinal qualities with low potential for abuse and dependence (e.g. Valium)

42
Q

Schedule V drug

A

a drug that has accepted medicinal qualities with the least potential for abuse and dependence (e.g. Robitussin AC, a cough syrup)

43
Q

shiatsu

A

a form of therapy of Japanese origin based on the same principles as acupuncture, in which pressure is applied to certain points on the body using the hands instead of needles

44
Q

spice

A

a seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance primarily used for flavoring or coloring food

45
Q

synarthrodial joint

A

a joint that connects bones by fibrous tissue and allows little or no movement

46
Q

synergism

A

the working together of two or more drugs to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects; this is often harmful and most drug overdoses and fatalities are caused by it

47
Q

synthetic drug

A

drugs created using man-made chemicals rather than natural ingredients

48
Q

teratogenic reaction

A

a drug reaction that leads to harmful effects on the fetus, leading to developmental defects

49
Q

the complexity of drug names

A

a reference to the fact that chemical names for drugs tend to be complex and difficult to remember and are therefore limited primarily to scientific or manufacturing groups. Each drug can be identified by two additional names: the generic name and the trademark name

50
Q

toxicant

A

a toxic substance introduced into the environment

51
Q

toxicology

A

the branch of science concerned with the nature, effects, and detection of poisons

52
Q

toxin

A

a harmful substance produced within living cells or organisms

53
Q

trademark name

A

also called the trade name, proprietary name, or brand name; it is a name assigned to a drug by a particular manufacturer, and only allowed to be used by that manufacturer; many trade names have an equivalent generic name version, and differ in name only (e.g. the generic ibuprofen and the brand name Advil, but they are the same)

54
Q

yoga

A

an ancient Indian discipline of various forms that combines physical activity in the form of body stretching postures (asanas) with meditation