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Pathophysiology and Pharmacology > Chapter 8 - Skin Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Skin Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

cutaneous vasodilation

A

increases blood flow to the skin severalfold, substantially increasing convective transfer of heat from the core to the periphery

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2
Q

convective

A

the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat

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3
Q

vasodilation

A

the dilatation of blood vessels, which decreases blood pressure

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4
Q

vitiligo

A

small areas of hypopigmentation that may gradually spread to involve larger areas

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5
Q

melasma

A

Also called: chloasma; a skin condition characterized by brown or blue-gray patches or freckle-like spots

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6
Q

macule

A

a patch of skin that is altered in color but usually not elevated

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7
Q

nodule

A

a small mass of rounded or irregular shape

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8
Q

papule

A

a small solid usually conical elevation of the skin, often filled with pus

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9
Q

pustule

A

a small circumscribed elevation of the skin containing pus and having an inflamed base

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10
Q

circumscribe (verb)

A

(1) to constrict the range or activity of definitely and clearly
(2) to draw a line around, to surround
(3) to construct or be constructed around (a geometrical figure) so as to touch as many points as possible (e.g. a circle circumscribing a square)

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11
Q

plaque

A

(1) an ornament, decoration, or commemorative tablet
(2) a localized, slightly elevated, abnormal patch on a body part or surface
(3) a sticky usually colorless film on teeth that is formed by and harbors bacteria
(4) a lesion in the cardiovascular system or the brain
(5) a clear area in a bacterial culture produced by viral destruction of cells

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12
Q

lesion

A

a region in an organ or tissue which has suffered damage through injury or disease, such as a wound, ulcer, abscess, or tumor

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13
Q

fissure

A

a crack in skin tissue

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14
Q

lichenification

A

the process by which skin becomes hardened and leathery or lichenoid (like lichen) usually as a result of chronic irritation

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15
Q

lichen

A

(1) any of several skin diseases characterized by the eruption of flat papules
(2) any of numerous complex plantlike organisms made up of an alga (alga is singular for algae) and a fungus growing in symbiotic association on a solid surface (as a rock)

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16
Q

symbiotic

A

(1) involving interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association
(2) denoting a mutually beneficial relationship between different people or groups

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17
Q

electrodesiccation

A

a fast and simple office-based procedure that uses electric current delivered via a needle-shaped electrode to superheat the skin in pinpoint precise areas

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18
Q

cryosurgery

A

the use of extreme cold in surgery to destroy abnormal or diseased tissue

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19
Q

urticaria

A

also called hives; reddened, itchy welts that may be triggered by exposure to certain foods, medications or other substances

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20
Q

welt (skin)

A

a red, swollen mark left on flesh by a blow or pressure

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21
Q

eczema

A

a condition that makes your skin red and itchy; it’s common in children but can occur at any age.

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22
Q

atopy (adjective: atopic)

A

the tendency to produce an exaggerated immune response to otherwise harmless substances in the environment; it can sometimes be genetic

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23
Q

immunoglobin

A

any of a class of proteins present in the serum and cells of the immune system, which function as antibodies

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24
Q

excoriation

A

(1) the act of abrading or wearing off the skin

2) a raw irritated lesion (as of the skin or a mucosal surface

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25
Q

abrasion

A

A type of open wound that’s caused by the skin rubbing against a rough surface. It may be called a scrape or a graze. When an abrasion is caused by the skin sliding across hard ground, it may be called road rash. Abrasions are very common injuries. They can range from mild to severe.

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26
Q

psoriasis

A

a skin disease that causes red, itchy scaly patches, most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk and scalp

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27
Q

pemphigus

A

a rare group of autoimmune diseases. It causes blisters on the skin and mucous membranes throughout the body. It can affect the mouth, nose, throat, eyes, and genitals.

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28
Q

autoimmune disease

A

a condition in which your immune system mistakenly attacks your body

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29
Q

pemphigus vulgaris

A

the most common form of pemphigus; the epidermis separates above the basal layer. Blisters form initially in the oral mucosa or scalp and then spread over the face and trunk during the ensuing months. The vesicles become large and tend to rupture, leaving large denuded areas of skin covered with crusts

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30
Q

vesicle

A

also called a blister; a small fluid-filled bladder, sac, cyst, or vacuole within the body

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31
Q

vacuole

A

(1) a small cavity or space in tissue, especially in nervous tissue as the result of disease
(2) a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid

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32
Q

scleroderma

A

a group of rare diseases that involve the hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues

33
Q

Raynaud’s disease

A

a condition that causes some areas of your body — such as your fingers and toes — to feel numb and cold in response to cold temperatures or stress. In Raynaud’s disease, smaller arteries that supply blood to your skin become narrow, limiting blood flow to affected areas (vasospasm)

34
Q

cellulitis

A

a common, potentially serious bacterial skin infection. The affected skin appears swollen and red and is typically painful and warm to the touch

35
Q

erysipelas

A

a form of cellulitis usually caused by group A streptococcus bacteria

36
Q

boil

A

also called a furuncle; a painful, pus-filled bump under the skin caused by infected, inflamed hair follicles.

37
Q

impetigo

A

a highly contagious skin infection that causes red sores on the face

38
Q

inoculation

A

(1) to introduce immunologically active material (such as an antibody or antigen) into especially in order to treat or prevent a disease
(2) to introduce a microorganism into
(3) to introduce something into the mind of

39
Q

carbuncle

A

a painful local purulent inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues with multiple openings for the discharge of pus and usually necrosis and sloughing of dead tissue

40
Q

purulent

A

containing, consisting of, or being pus

41
Q

suppuration

A

to form or discharge pus

42
Q

slough (verb, related to skin)

A

to separate in the form of dead tissue from living tissue; shed or cast off

43
Q

slough (noun)

A

(1) a place of deep mud or mire

(2) a state of moral degradation or spiritual dejection

44
Q

mire

A

(1) wet spongy earth (as of a bog or marsh); mud

(2) a troublesome or intractable situation

45
Q

intractable

A

(1) not easily governed, managed, or directed
(2) not easily relieved or cured
(3) not easily manipulated or shaped

46
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of a fascia (as from infection or injury)

47
Q

protease enzymes

A

also called proteolytic enzymes; enzymes that break down protein

48
Q

fulminant

A

(of a disease or symptom) severe and sudden in onset

49
Q

gangrene

A

a serious condition where a loss of blood supply causes body tissue to die

50
Q

leprosy

A

also called Hansen’s disease; an infection caused by slow-growing contagious bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae. It can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose (nasal mucosa). With early diagnosis and treatment, the disease can be cured. Infection can lead to damage of the nerves, respiratory tract, skin, and eyes.

51
Q

keratitis

A

an inflammation of the cornea

52
Q

verruca (plural: verrucae)

A

a contagious and usually painful wart on the sole of the foot; a plantar wart

53
Q

wart

A

small, rough, hard growths that are similar in color to the rest of the skin

54
Q

mycosis

A

a general name for any disease caused by a fungus

55
Q

ringworm

A

a rash caused by a fungal infection. It’s usually a red, itchy, circular rash with clearer skin in the middle. Ringworm gets its name because of its appearance. No worm is involved.

56
Q

thrush

A

a fungal (yeast) infection that can grow in your mouth, throat and other parts of your body. In your mouth thrush appears as a growth that can look like cottage cheese – white, raised lesions on your tongue and cheeks. The condition can quickly become irritated and cause mouth pain and redness.

57
Q

tinea capitis

A

it is ringworm of the scalp, a fungal infection of the scalp and hair shafts.

58
Q

tinea corporis

A

ringworm of the body

59
Q

tinea pedis

A

also called athlete’s foot; ringworm of the feet

60
Q

tinea unguium

A

also called onychomycosis; a fungal infection of the nail

61
Q

scabies

A

an itchy skin condition caused by a tiny burrowing mite called Sarcoptes scabiei; the mite burrows into the skin and lays eggs, creating a cycle where the new mites emerge to bury more eggs

62
Q

larva

A

the active immature form of an insect, especially one that differs greatly from the adult and forms the stage between egg and pupa, e.g. a caterpillar or grub

63
Q

pupa

A

an insect in its inactive immature form between larva and adult, e.g. a chrysalis

64
Q

chrysalis

A

the form a caterpillar takes before it emerges from its cocoon as a fully formed moth or butterfly

65
Q

mite

A

a minute arachnid which has four pairs of legs when adult, related to the ticks. Many kinds live in the soil and a number are parasitic on plants or animals

66
Q

tick (insect)

A

parasitic arachnids that are part of the mite superorder Parasitiformes

67
Q

pediculosis

A

an infestation of the hairy parts of the body or clothing with the eggs, larvae or adults of lice; The crawling stages of this insect feed on human blood, which can result in severe itching. Head lice are usually located on the scalp, crab lice in the pubic area and body lice along seams of clothing.

68
Q

lice (singular: louse)

A

small, brownish parasites that feed off human blood

69
Q

cooties

A

(1) a children’s term for an imaginary germ or repellent quality transmitted by obnoxious or slovenly people
(2) pediculosis

70
Q

keratosis

A

a growth of keratin on the skin or on mucous membranes stemming from keratinocytes, the prominent cell type in the epidermis

71
Q

seborrhea (adjective: seborrheic)

A

abnormally increased secretion and discharge of sebum

72
Q

actinic

A

of, relating to, resulting from, or exhibiting chemical changes produced by radiant energy especially in the visible and ultraviolet parts of the spectrum

73
Q

carcinoma

A

a malignant tumor of epithelial origin

74
Q

leukemia

A

A cancer of blood-forming tissues, hindering the body’s ability to fight infection

75
Q

ABCD test

A 
a test to see if a mole or nevus is cancerous:
Area of the mole is increased.
Border is irregular.
Color is changed in mole.
Diameter of the mole is increased.
76
Q

nevus

A

A benign (not cancer) growth on the skin that is formed by a cluster of melanocytes (cells that make a substance called melanin, which gives color to skin and eyes). A nevus is usually dark and may be raised from the skin

77
Q

etiology

A

(1) the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition
(2) the investigation or attribution of the cause or reason for something, often expressed in terms of historical or mythical explanation

78
Q

Kaposi Sarcoma

A

a type of cancer that forms in the lining of blood and lymph vessels. The tumors (lesions) of Kaposi’s sarcoma typically appear as painless purplish spots on the legs, feet or face. Lesions can also appear in the genital area, mouth or lymph nodes.

79
Q

psoriasis

A

A condition in which skin cells build up faster than normal and form scales and itchy, dry patches.

Pathophysiology and Pharmacology (23 decks)

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