10.4 - Interference with Gas Exchange

Question 1

Effects of smoking on gas exchange in lungs

Answer 1

1 cause of respiratory disorders. Also linked to other disorders in other systems like circulatory system.

Damages alveoli and affects the ability of respiratory system to deliver oxygen in bloodstream & remove carbon dioxide.

Nicotine = addictive, tar = deposited in lungs & blocks gas exchange, many other chemicals (like hydrogen cyanide & benzene) are known carcinogens

Question 2

Asthma

Answer 2

Chronic long-term inflammation of lining of bronchi & bronchioles. Airways swell & mucus is overproduces.

Causes can be genetics, allergies, obesity, smoking, exposure to chemicals, etc.

Symptoms are coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, & shortness of breath.

Treatment = avoiding triggers & using medication (inhaler)

Question 3

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 3

Long-term disease combination of

• Chronic bronchitis: Long-term inflammation of bronchi. Caused by damage (smoking)
• Emphysema: Long-term progressive disease where alveoli are overinflated, causing damage and destruction as well as reduced surface area of alveoli. Caused by smoking or long-term exposure to chemicals.

Symptoms are similar to asthma.

Question 4

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 4

Caused by mutations in gene that codes for membrane protein, causing thick, sticky mucus in lungs & digestive tract