11.4/11.5 - The Heart & Artery Diseases Flashcards
(12 cards)
Septum
Wall of tissue dividing left & right ventricles
Pericardium
Two layers of connective tissue
Coronary blood vessel
A blood vessel that circulates blood to and from the
muscle cells of the heart
Chambers
The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle.
The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.
The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the body.
Coronary arteries/blood vessels
Also, what causes heart sounds???
Supply blood to heart tissue
Heart sounds are caused by the closing of heart valves
Semilunar valves
Prevents backflow of blood when ventricles relax
Ex. Mitral & Aortic valves
Atrioventricular valves
Prevents blood flow of blood from ventricles to atriums. Supported by chordae tendineae - tendons that support
the atrioventricular valves
Ex. Pulmonary & tricuspid valves
Diastole & systole
The cardiac cycle is a complete heartbeat where atria (atriums) & ventricles contract and relax. There are 2 phases…
Diastole - when ventricles are relaxed and filled up by blood
Systole - when ventricles contract and emptied of blood
SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibres, electrocardiograph
SA Node - initiates heartbeat, called pacemaker, mass of muscle & nerve cells in right atrium
SIgnals passes to atria, causing them to contract, and then signal goes to AV (atrioventricular) node (mass of conducting cells), then finally to the Purkinje fibres (conducting fibres), causing ventricles to contract.
These electrical signals can be detected by electrocardiograph (device that detects the electrical activity of heart through electrodes placed on body’s surface), which records them as an electrocardiogram.
Atherosclerosis
the hardening of the
arteries due to the buildup of fatty plaque deposits on or inside the walls of the arteries; atherosclerosis
is the most common form of arteriosclerosis (when arteries lose their elasticity & harden).
Coronary artery disease (CAD) & Myocardial infarction
CAD - Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries
MI - Where blood flow to part of heart is cut off (heart attack), death of cardiac muscle tissue due to oxygen deprivation
Cause/symptoms/treatment of atherosclerosis, CAD, & myocardial infarction
Cause - Genetics, overweight, high BP/cholesterol, smoking, age, etc.
Most common symptom - Angina (chest pain)
Treatment - Angioplasty - where blocked arteries are opened up using a balloon. A stent (expandable mesh tube) may be left in place to make sure it stays open.
