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Anatomy > Muscles of the Back > Flashcards

Muscles of the Back Flashcards

1
Q

the thoracolumbar fascia

A

posterior layer which covers the extrinsic back muscles

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2
Q

what are dimples?

A

where tendons attach

fascia and muscle to bone

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3
Q

the triangle of auscultation

A

less tissue, easier to hear breathing sounds

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4
Q

lumbar triangle

A

slight tweaking in lateral abdominal wall, prone to herniation

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5
Q

from a developmental perspective, the back muscles are divided into 2 groups that are separated by the

A

thoracolumbar fascia

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6
Q

are the extrinsic back muscle hypaxial or epaxial?

A

hypoxia

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7
Q

what innervates the extrinsic back muscles?

A

the ventral rami of spinal nerves

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8
Q

the trapezius is an exception to the extrinsic back innervation because it is innervated by

A

a cranial nerve
spinal accessory nerve
cervical plexus (C3 &C4)

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9
Q

extrinsic back muscles primarily move the

A

limbs

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10
Q

are the intrinsic back muscles hypaxial or epaxial?

A

epaxial

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11
Q

what innervates the intrinsic back muscles?

A

the Doral rami of spinal nerves

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12
Q

the intrinsic back muscles primarily move the

A

spine

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13
Q

extrinsic muscles of the back from superficial to deep (7)

A 
trapezius 
latissimus dorsi
levator scapulae 
rhomboid minor 
rhomboid major 
serratus posterior superior 
serratus posterior inferior
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14
Q

what are the two groups within the intrinsic back muscles?

A

erector spinae group

transcersospinalis group

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15
Q

intrinsic muscles of the back from superficial to deep (6)

A

iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis

multifidus
semispinalis
rotatores

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16
Q

serratus posterior superior and inferior function to

A

elevate the ribs during breathing

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17
Q

serratus posterior superior and inferior are still considered extrinsic because of

A

their innervation

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18
Q

erector spinae group (3)

A

spinalis
longissimus
iliocostalis

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19
Q

transcersospinalis group (3)

A

rotatores
multifidus
semispinalis

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20
Q

the dorsal ramus innervates the

A

intrinsic back muscles and skin of the back

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21
Q

the ventral ramus innervates the (3)

A

extrinsic back muscles
anterior and lateral trunk
limbs

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22
Q

the ventral ramus innervation includes (3)

A

cervical plexus
brachial plexus
intercostal nerves

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23
Q

extrinsic back muscles move the

A

shoulder and arm

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24
Q

trapezius is innervated by
motor:
sensory:

A

motor: spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve)
sensory: cervical plexus (C3 & C4)

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25
Q

the latissimus dorsi is innervated by

A

thoracodorsal nerve (brachial plexus)

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26
Q

the elevator scapular is innervated by

A 
cervical plexus (C3 & C4)
brachial plexus (dorsal scapular n)
27
Q

the rhomboid minor is innervated by

A

brachial plexus (dorsal scapular n)

28
Q

the rhomboid major is innervated by

A

brachial plexus (dorsal scapular n)

29
Q

the serratus posterior superior is innervated by

A

intercostal nerve branches

30
Q

the serratus posterior inferior is innervated by

A

intercostal nerve branches

31
Q

levator scapular, rhomboid minor, and rhomboid major work to

A

elevate and retract the scapula

32
Q

extrinsic back muscles are also called

A

posterior axioappendicular muscles

33
Q

posterior axioappendicular muscles mean that they connect the

A

axial skeleton to the appendicular skeleton

34
Q

these posterior muscles attach the – to the –

A

scapula and humerus (upper arm bone) to the spine and/or ribs (axial skeleton)

35
Q

the extrinsic muscles of the back are muscles that move the (2)

A

upper limb and pectoral girdle

36
Q

all but one are innervated by ventral rami from the (2)

A

cervical or brachial plexuses in the neck

37
Q

layer 1 of the extrinsic muscles of the back includes (2)

A

trapezius

latissimus dorsi

38
Q

layer 1 is most

A

superficial

39
Q

layer 1 acts to move the

A

scapula and humerus

40
Q

layer 2 of the extrinsic muscles of the back includes (3)

A

lavator scapulae
rhomboid minor
rhomboid major

41
Q

layer 2 is in the

A

middle

42
Q

layer 2 acts to move the

A

scapula

43
Q

layer 3 of the extrinsic muscles of the back includes (2)

A

serratus posterior superior

serratus posterior inferior

44
Q

layer 3 is the

A

deepest

45
Q

layer 3 acts to move the

A

ribs

46
Q

the intrinsic muscles of the back functions (3)

A

act to move the vertebral column

maintaining an erect posture of the spine, as well as proprioception

47
Q

the intrinsic muscles of the back run

A

longitudinally

48
Q

the intrinsic muscles of the back are deep to the

A

serratus posterior muscles

49
Q

the intrinsic muscles of the back are enclosed by the

A

thoracolumbar fascia

50
Q

the intrinsic muscles of the back from superficial to deep (3)

A

splenius
erector spinae
transversospinalis

51
Q

splenius includes (2)

A

captious

cervicis

52
Q

erector spinae includes (3)

A

illiocostalis

  • lumborum
  • thoracis
  • cervicis

longissimus

  • lumborum
  • thoracis
  • cervicis

spinalis

  • thoracis
  • cervicis
53
Q

transversospinalis includes (3)

A 
multifidus 
rotatores 
-brevis
-longus 
semispinalis
54
Q

splenius capitus connects from the

A

spinous process to the mastoid process

55
Q

splenius cervisis connects from the

A

spinous processes to the transverse process of C1

56
Q

what are the actions of the erector spinae muscles?

unilateral vs bilateral

A

extend the trunk when active bilaterally. when they are active unilaterally, they laterally flex (bend) the trunk toward the side of muscle activity

57
Q

what are the actions of the transcersospinalis group?

unilateral vs bilateral

A

assist the erector spinal in trunk extension when they are active bilaterally. when they are active unilaterally, they rotate (twist) the trunk to the opposite side of the muscle activity

58
Q

rotatoria longus vs rotatores brevis

A

longus: 2 segments
brevis: 1 segment

59
Q

semispinalis segments

A

multiple

60
Q

multifidus segments

A

multiple

61
Q

additional group of segmental muscles (3)

A

levator costarum
intertransversarii
interspinalis

62
Q

levator costarum is innervated by

A

intercostal nerves

63
Q

intertransversarii and interspinalis are innervated by the

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Anatomy (29 decks)

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