Attention

Question 1

The ability to direct our awareness to a single aspect of stimuli form the external environment

Answer 1

Attention

Question 2

Having a focus, a fringe area we aren’t paying attention to, and a margin, which lies in between the focus and the fringe.- William James

Answer 2

Attention

Question 3

Posits that dozens of input streams of sensory information undergo basic processing for things like color, shape, and so one, and then enter a sensory buffer. From that sensory buffer, the mind picks something to focus on, process, and assign meaning to, and then the rest of the information in the buffer decays.

Answer 3

Broadbent model of selective attention

Question 4

Experimental setup in which subjects are asked to repeat words as soon as they hear them

Answer 4

Shadowing- through this experiment it is pretty clear that we process the information stream that we’re focusing on much more than the one we’re not focusing on

Question 5

Describe show if you’re in a room with a lot of different groups talking, like a party, you can be focused on a conversation you’re having with your group of friends, but if someone across the room mentions you by name, you’ll immediately notice

Answer 5

Cocktail party effect- proof that we must be processing unattended input in some level

Question 6

Posits that instead off an all-or-nothing buffer, unattended information is reduced in intensity. Particularly intense or important information might come to our attention. The advantage of this theory is that the degree to which input is attenuated can depend on various factors, including context and coherence

Answer 6

Attenuation theory by Anne Treisman

Question 7

When working on a focused task, one can definitely miss things happening in teh background. This is called?

Answer 7

Inattentional blindness- brought to attention by invisible gorilla experiment

Question 8

Refers to the failure to notice changes that take place between 2 stimuli. This is related to inattentional blindness, in that our expectations and level of focus clearly play a role in whether we notice differences between 2 stimuli, but it’s a more specific phenomenon

Answer 8

Change blindness

Question 9

Paying attention to multiple things at the same time

Answer 9

Simultaneous attention

Question 10

Multitasking is actually just rapidly switching back and forth between tasks

Answer 10

Sequential attention

Question 11

We have certain capacity for attention that we allocate among tassels, with the attention required for each task depending on our expertise, the difficulty of the task, and our level of psychological around all

Answer 11

Model of attention- by Daniel Kahneman

Question 12

Posits that instead of a central structure in the Brian that allocates attention among all competing demands, we have distinct, specialized modules. This means that we can multitask reasonably well as long as the tasks draw from different modules, but will run into trouble if we try to do two similar tasks as the Mae time

Answer 12

Allport’s module resource theory

Question 13

Takes place when we consciously focus on exactly how to carry out task

Answer 13

Controlled processing

Question 14

Takes place when we can move or less do something on autopilot

Answer 14

Automatic processing

Question 15

ADHD three subtypes:

Answer 15

1. Predominately inattentive type: symptoms- not paying close attention to details, having trouble sustaining attention on tasks, and being easily distracted
2. Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type
3. Combined type

Question 16

Psychologists responsible for each corresponding theory or model

• spotlight model of attention
• filter model fo selective attention
• attenuation model of attention

Answer 16

• spotlight: William James
• filter model: Donald Broadbent
• attenuation: Anne Treisman