Social Interactions

Question 1

Factors that shape the expression and detection of emotion

Answer 1

Culture and gender- details of emotional signaling are shaped by socialization

Question 2

Looking at emotions through the lens of culture vs gender

Answer 2

Culture- focuses on how emotional signaling practices vary across the world
Gender- focuses on how different groups within society participate in this process in different ways

Question 3

Certain emotions are associated with certain gender roles. Gender is a way that culture-specific attitudes towards emotions are organized

Answer 3

Masculine- anger

Feminine- vulnerability, compassion, and concern

Question 4

Are a way in which certain patterns of emotional expression can be indexed to gender

Answer 4

Social sanctions: gender-specific expectations still exist

Question 5

Refers to the literal words that we say, either by speaking with our mouths, sign language, writing, texting, or any other medium

Answer 5

Verbal communication

Question 6

Tone of voice, eye contact, body language. Only fundamental for humans, but it also extends to the animal kingdom.

Answer 6

Nonverbal communication

Question 7

Humans vs animals

Answer 7

Facial expressions are an area with some verbal between animals and humans

Question 8

An be based on how we envision our authentic self and on how we think it will be advantageous to appear in a certain situation.

Answer 8

Self-presentation

Question 9

Refers to what you disclose to others about yourself

Answer 9

Self disclosure

Question 10

Refers to how you groom yourself, how you dress, and how you act. Specific strategies are context-specific.

Answer 10

Managing appearances

Question 11

A fancy word for sucking up

Answer 11

Ingratiation

Question 12

Refers to presenting your actions, especially those that might seem a bit questionable, in a light that makes them more appealing in a certain setting. This can been mean making excuses. It can refer to various ways in which we explain what we choose to do so.

Answer 12

Aligning actions

Question 13

Flips the focus onto other people. In this technique, you project an identity onto someone and then create the expectation that he or she should act the way you want.

Answer 13

Altercasting

Question 14

Erving Goffman developed the ___________ ___________ to self-prsenetation

Answer 14

Dramaturgical approach

Question 15

Refers to how we present ourselves in front of an audience, following certain scripts and expectation, like the more deliberate aspects of impression management

Answer 15

Front-stage self - Erving Goffman

Question 16

Refers to our more authentic self, when we’re no longer in front of an audience, we can relax and not worry s much about acting in a way that aligns with our public image

Answer 16

Back-stage self - Erving Goffman

Question 17

Certain kinds of behavior as being especially characteristic of humans as coral beings. More general phenomena, or patterns of interaction that pervade many different activities

Answer 17

Social behavior

Question 18

Both in the sense of wanting to be someone’s friend, or just to hang out with them, and romantic and sexual attraction

Answer 18

Attraction

Question 19

Factors that contribute to attraction

Answer 19

Physical attractiveness, proximity, and similarity

Question 20

This says that we also eventually develop preferences for familiar people and things

Answer 20

Mere exposure effect

Question 21

We’re more likely to be attracted to people who are similar to is in terms of various demographic factors, including but not limited to age, SES, and education level, as well as general worldview and cultural background

Answer 21

Similarity

Question 22

Important as a way to defend against threats and to obtain greater access to various resources.

Answer 22

Aggression

In some social animals, aggression play a role in reinforcing and maintaining hierarchies

Question 23

Aggression shaped by biological factors

Answer 23

Testosterone,
prefrontal cortex- helps regulate and restrain impulsive behavior that stems from emotion arousal mediated by limbic system

Question 24

Aggression shaped by environment

Answer 24

Personal experiences
Situations where aggression has worked as a way to reach goals
Traumatic experiences
*society-wide norms and expectations

Question 25

Refers to the bonds that form between children and their caregivers, and it can manifest in several distinct attachment styles

Answer 25

Attachment

Question 26

The presence of a consistent, responsive, comforting caregiver promotes

Answer 26

Secure attachment

Question 27

An infant with this type of attachment feels some distress when the caregiver leaves, but then adjusts to circumstances, knowing that a the caregiver will returns, and displays a happy response when they do return

Answer 27

Secure attachment

Question 28

Occurs when caregiver responses to the child inconsistently. This leads to child not being able to rely on teh caregiver

Answer 28

Ambivalent attachment

Question 29

Manifests as a pattern of intense distress when caregiver leaves, followed by a more mixed and unclear response upon return

Answer 29

Ambivalent attachment

Question 30

The child will seem not to really care one way or the other when the caregiver leaves or returns. Thought to stem from a neglectful relationship

Answer 30

Avoidant attachment

Question 31

Manifests as hesitant, contradictory, and confused behavior upon the caregiver’s departure and return

Answer 31

Disoriented / disorganized attachment

Question 32

Refers to helping other people at some cost to yourself, even if only in terms of time and energy

Answer 32

Altruism

Question 33

Kinds of social behavior

Answer 33

Attraction, aggression, attachment, altruism, social support

Question 34

This has been increasingly linked with positive health outcomes

Answer 34

Social support

Question 35

Types of social support

Answer 35

Emotional, informational, material, and companionship

Question 36

Describes how animals search for food.

Answer 36

Foraging

Question 37

Animals have a wide range of ways of engaging in courtship, copulating, and raising offspring.

Answer 37

Mating behavior

Question 38

This can be random as the Hardy-Weinberg model fo genotype frequency assumes, but more often, animals respond to highly specific cues, like phenotypic signals, as a way of choosing potential mates

Answer 38

Mate choice

Question 39

Mate choice signaling:
Certain feature seem like they’re attractive just kind of because
Ex. Vibrant and Pointless tails of male peacocks- could also hint genetic fitness and good health

Answer 39

Fisherman selection

Question 40

A branch of applied mathematics that deals with decision-making under circumstances of incomplete information where there are other actors who are also making similar choices, like in a game.

Answer 40

Game theory

Question 41

A well-known example of game theory

Answer 41

Prisoner’s dilemma

Question 42

The basic concept that natural selection can operate on the group level is known as

Answer 42

Inclusive fitness- one explanation for altruism (self-sacrifice)