Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med surg > Acute Intracranial Pressure > Flashcards

Acute Intracranial Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

What is normal ICP and when to treat?

A

5-15mmHg above 20 is considered abnormal and must be treated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does fluid go when there is a change in CSF volume?

A

Subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens to ICP when there is a change in brain tissue volume

A

Distention into the dura or compression of brain tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what happens when there is a change intracranial blood volume? 4

A

Collapse of cerebral veins, collapse of dural sinuses, cerebral vasoconstriction or dilation, changes in venous outflow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

normal cerebral blood flow

A

50ml/min/100g of brain tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Autoregulation

A

the autonomic adjustment made to the cerebral blood vessels by the brain. The brain regulates its own flow in response to metabolic needs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

stages of ICP and one thing about each

A
  1. Body compensates-feeling of doom
  2. Decreasing compensation- risk for secondary injury
  3. Failing compensation-Manifestations of ICP (Cushings triad) This is emergent.
  4. Herniation-pressure is placed on brainstem-death.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cerebral Perfusion Pressure math

A

CPP=MAP(mean arterial pressure) -ICP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Normal Cerebral Perfusion Pressure

A

60 or 70mmHg-100mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When is Cerebral perfusion pressure associated with tissue ischemia? When is it incompatible with life?

A

50mmHg

30mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Damage of brain tissue can cause 5 and they all cause?

A

Hypercapnia, Acidosis, Impaired auto-regulation,HTN, brain herniation and they all cause edema.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vasogenic and one thing to remember

A

Type of cerebral edema caused by large molecules leaking into interstitial space.(Tumors, Toxins, Abscesses) *BBB is weakened.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cytotoxic and one thing to remember

A

Type of cerebral edema caused by disruption in the integrity of cell membrane causes fluid to shift into cells. causing tissue hypoxia. (Trauma, lesions) *BBB is still intact.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Interstital Cerebral edema

A

Build up of fluid in ventricles AKA hydrocephalus caused by obstruction of flow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the MOST sensitive and reliable indicator of neurological status?

A

Change in LOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When ICP increases people vomit what is different about this?

A

No nausea beforehand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ptosis

A

Drooping up upper eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ocular signs of ICP 6

A

unilateral pupil dilation, sluggish response to light, inability to move eye up, eyelid ptosis, papilledema, positive oculo-cephalic reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what do pinpoint pupils mean?

A

Pons damage or drugs

20
Q

Decorticate positioning and what does it mean?

A

flexed and in (don’t forget about legs) and it means that there are problems with cervical spinal tract or cerebral hemisphere

21
Q

Decerebrate positioning and what does it mean?

A

Extensor problems within midbrain or PONS

22
Q

things the Glasgow coma scale assesses and when is it a problem

A

Eye opening, verbal response, Motor response. less than 8.

23
Q

Cushings triad

A

Increase in systolic BP, decrease in pulse, decreased respirations.

24
Q

apneustic breathing related to… and what does it look like?

A

Related to pons Prolonged inspiratory phase or pauses alternating with expiratory incompletion

25
Q

Drugs for ICP 9

A

Mannitol, hypertonic saline, corticosteroids, H2 receptor antagonists, Anti seizure meds, antipyretics, Sedatives, analgesics, barbiturates.

26
Q

What does mannitol do?

A

Osmotic diuretic from ISF to ECF

27
Q

Why use H2 receptor antagonists?

A

prevent GI bleeds and ulcers

28
Q

Why use sedatives, analgesics, barbiturates?

A

Paralyze so we can intubate

29
Q

Patient position for ICP

A

HOB 30 head in neutral, midline position

30
Q

Where do you want systolic BP to be?

A

100-160mmHg

31
Q

Suction time? Why

A

Less than 10-15 seconds to prevent cough

32
Q

Why give laxatives?

A

avoid straining.

33
Q

What is a brain abscess?

A

Build up of puss from local or systemic infection

34
Q

Nursing measures to treat brain abscess

A

similar to meningitis and IICP

35
Q

Primary bacteria associated with Abscess?

A

Staph and strep

36
Q

S/S of meningitis 4 you don’t know

A

Nuchal rigidity, photophobia, positive kernigs or brudzinski sign.

37
Q

What is Brudzinski’s sign?

A

patient neck is flexed by the primary and patient will flex their hips and knees.

38
Q

what is kernigs sign

A

the primary is unable to extend the patients leg at the knee when the thigh is flexed due to stiffness of the hamstrings.

39
Q

Neisseria Meningitis common with? S/S

A

College students, Cough, HA, Sore throat, upper respitor symptoms, mid stage-flu like symptoms, and petechial skin rash, purpura

40
Q

Bacterial meningitis differences 5

A

Turbid, purulent, higher protein levels, glucose is decreased, neutrophils

41
Q

Why manage a fever with meningitis? 5

A

Fever increases cerebral edema, IICP, seizures, and metabolic rate, can lead to neuro damage

42
Q

Viruses that cause meningitis? 4 and most spread by

A

Enterovirus, arbovirus, herpes, HIV contact with respiratory secretions.

43
Q

What is encephalitis? caused by? 6

A

Acute inflammation of the brain. Vectors, measles, mumps, Chicken pox, HSV, cytomegalovirus

44
Q

What to remember about s/s for encephalitis

A

Any CNS abnormality can occur.

45
Q

hemiparesis

A

Weakening on one side of the body

46
Q

Treatment for encephalitis

A

Care that you would give everyone! atelectasis, skin breakdown, DVT, fluids, nutrition, constipation

47
Q

MAP normal and equation

A

70-150 and SBP+2DBP/3

Med surg (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions