GI

Question 1

5 linings of the stomach

Answer 1

Mucosa. This is the first and innermost layer or lining. It contains the glands that release digestive juices. These are called hydrochloric acid and pepsin. This is where most stomach cancers start.

Submucosa. This second layer supports the mucosa. It is rich in blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.

Muscularis. The third layer is made of thick muscles. They help to mix food with the digestive juices.

Subserosa. This layer contains supporting tissues for the serosa.

Serosa. This is the last and outermost layer. It’s the lining that wraps around the stomach to confine it.

Question 2

What cells secrete pepsinogen

Answer 2

Gastric chief cells

Question 3

What cells secrete HCL

Answer 3

Parietal cells

Question 4

Age related GI 4

Answer 4

Delayed emptying, smooth mm weakness, decrease UES opening, Incompetent LES

Question 5

The liver decreases in size but

Answer 5

Liver function tests stay the same

Question 6

eructation

Answer 6

burp

Question 7

Melena

Answer 7

BLood in stool-dark sticky

Question 8

Hematochezia

Answer 8

blood on stool or with stool

Question 9

Rectorrhagia

Answer 9

fresh blood out of anus no stool

Question 10

Hematemesis

Answer 10

vomiting blood

Question 11

Dyspepsia

Answer 11

Indigestion with peptic ulcer

Question 12

Bruit

Answer 12

turbulent flow heard over a vessel

Question 13

steatorrhea and why 3

Answer 13

Frothy fatty foul smelling poo from bil obstruction, pancreatitis, poor nut

Question 14

Three things that can cause gerd?

Answer 14

Hiatal hernia smoking obesity

Question 15

Two complications of Hiatal hernia?

Answer 15

Perforation and aspiration

Question 16

Manifestations of GERD 5

Answer 16

hyper salvation, respiratory, otolaryngologic-horseness, globus sensation, chocking

Question 17

Treatment for GERD

Answer 17

PPI (Zoles) H2 receptor blockers (ines), cholinergic, prokinetic (Metoclopramide)

Question 18

Three things to focus on for GERD treatment

Answer 18

decreasing volume and acidity, improving LES function, and clearance, protecting mucosa

Question 19

Complications for ppi 2

Answer 19

all normal plus gas

Question 20

PUD 3 things

Answer 20

Erosion of GI mucosa from HCL and Pepsin. any point in GI tract, chronic

Question 21

PUD etiologi 5

Answer 21

Acidic environment, H pylori, meds, lifestyle, stress

Question 22

One thing about h pylori

Answer 22

Produces urease that alters gastric secretions.

Question 23

What not to give PUD 1

Answer 23

ranitidine

Question 24

one thing that can cause a peptic ulcer

Answer 24

corticosteroids

Question 25

manifestations of perforation 5

Answer 25

Rigid board like ab, shallow fast respirations, shock. maybe febrile

Question 26

Manifestations of peritonitis 8

Answer 26

rebound tenderness, ab distention, rigidity, decrease bowel sounds, fever, increased pulse, bp, increase WBC

Question 27

Peritonitis complications 5

Answer 27

hypovolemic shock, sepsis, abscess formation. ARDS, paralytic ileus

Question 28

two drugs for C-diff

Answer 28

Vanco and metronidazole

Question 29

IBD 3

Answer 29

Periods or remission and exacerbation. maybe auto, no cure

Question 30

IBD includes 2

Answer 30

Ulcerative colitis and crohns

Question 31

Difference between Ulcerative and crohns? 1

Answer 31

UC-colon and rectom

Crohns and segment of GI

Question 32

Crohns 3 things

Answer 32

Old cronies skip, inflam of all layers, long ulcerations that pen mucosa

Question 33

one thing about UC

Answer 33

BLEEDING

Question 34

What can develop with crohns?

Answer 34

Fistulas

Question 35

Common symptoms of crohns 5

Answer 35

diarrhea usually not bloody, cramping. nutritional def, weight loss when sm in is involved, system symptoms.

Question 36

UC manifestations 8

Answer 36

bloody diarrhea up to 20 times a day, ab pain. anemia, fever, rapid weight loss, tachy. dehydration. tenesmus